Luke 3:27 kjv
Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri,
Luke 3:27 nkjv
the son of Joannas, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,
Luke 3:27 niv
the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,
Luke 3:27 esv
the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,
Luke 3:27 nlt
Joda was the son of Joanan.
Joanan was the son of Rhesa.
Rhesa was the son of Zerubbabel.
Zerubbabel was the son of Shealtiel.
Shealtiel was the son of Neri.
Luke 3 27 Cross References
| Verse | Text | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mt 1:1 | The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. | Introduces Matthew's genealogy. |
| Mt 1:12 | After the deportation to Babylon: Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel... | Lists Salathiel as an ancestor in Matthew's line. |
| Mt 1:13 | and Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel... | Links Salathiel and Zerubbabel in Matthew's line. |
| Lk 3:23 | Jesus... being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli... | The starting point of Luke's genealogy. |
| Lk 3:31 | which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, which was the son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was the son of David. | Connects Jesus to David via Nathan in Luke's genealogy. |
| 2 Sam 7:12-16 | Your house and your kingdom shall endure forever before me; your throne shall be established forever. | God's promise of an eternal Davidic dynasty. |
| Ps 89:3-4 | "I have made a covenant with my chosen one, I have sworn to David my servant: ‘I will establish your offspring forever and build up your throne for all generations.'" | Reinforces the promise of David's enduring seed. |
| Ps 132:11 | The Lord swore an oath to David, a sure oath from which he will not turn back: "One of your own descendants I will place on your throne." | Specific divine promise for David's heir on the throne. |
| Isa 9:6-7 | For to us a child is born, to us a son is given... He will reign on David's throne... | Prophecy of Messiah, emphasizing Davidic rule. |
| Isa 11:1 | There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit. | Messianic prophecy, Davidic lineage. |
| Jer 23:5 | "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch..." | Prophecy of Messiah as the righteous Branch of David. |
| Jer 33:15 | In those days and at that time I will cause a righteous Branch to spring up for David... | Reinforces the prophecy of the Davidic Branch. |
| Ezr 3:2 | Then Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, rose and built the altar... | Identifies Zerubbabel in post-exilic rebuilding. |
| Hag 1:1 | In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month... the word of the Lord came by the hand of Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel... | Identifies Zerubbabel and his lineage. |
| Hag 2:23 | 'On that day, declares the Lord of hosts, I will take you, O Zerubbabel my servant, the son of Shealtiel... and make you like a signet ring...'" | God's promise of protection and favor to Zerubbabel. |
| Zech 3:8 | Hear now, O Joshua the high priest... I am bringing in my servant the Branch. | Messianic reference to "the Branch" with figures of the exile. |
| Zech 4:6-7 | 'Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,' says the Lord of hosts. 'Who are you, O great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you shall become a plain...'" | God's empowerment of Zerubbabel to complete the temple. |
| Zech 6:12 | and say to him, 'Thus says the Lord of hosts, "Behold, the man whose name is the Branch... he shall build the temple of the Lord."'" | Messianic prophecy associating building the temple with "the Branch." |
| Lk 1:32 | He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. | Connects Jesus's divine sonship with His Davidic right. |
| Rom 1:3-4 | concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. | Affirms Jesus's Davidic human descent and divine Sonship. |
| Heb 7:14 | For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah... | Affirms Jesus's tribal lineage through Judah. |
Luke 3 verses
Luke 3 27 Meaning
Luke 3:27 traces Jesus's lineage backwards, listing Joanna, Rhesa, Zerubbabel, Salathiel, and Neri as His ancestors. This verse is part of Luke's detailed genealogy of Jesus, presented to establish His legitimate human descent and connect Him to key figures in Israel's history, ultimately demonstrating His fulfillment of messianic prophecies regarding the Davidic line. Luke's genealogy is often understood to trace Mary's lineage, providing a complete account of Jesus's earthly heritage.
Luke 3 27 Context
Luke 3:27 is part of Jesus's genealogy, spanning from verse 23 to 38, presented immediately after His baptism by John the Baptist and before His temptation in the wilderness. Unlike Matthew's genealogy, which traces Jesus's lineage forwards from Abraham and through Joseph's royal line, Luke traces the line backward from Jesus all the way to Adam, and ultimately to God Himself (Lk 3:38). This universal scope highlights Jesus's humanity as the Son of Man, connecting Him to all humanity, while also emphasizing His divine sonship. While verse 23 states "being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph," the subsequent names (like Neri, father of Salathiel) are widely understood to represent the lineage through Mary's biological family, establishing her Davidic lineage. The figures in verse 27 are crucial links in this ancestral chain, with Zerubbabel being a prominent historical figure of the post-exilic period. In ancient Jewish culture, genealogies were essential for establishing identity, social standing, tribal affiliation, and inheritance, especially concerning messianic claims linked to the Davidic line.
Luke 3 27 Word analysis
- Which was the son of: (Greek: ho ēn huios - ὁ ἦν υἱός). This repetitive phrase signifies a direct or accepted paternal lineage. In the context of Luke's genealogy, particularly starting from "being, as was supposed, the son of Joseph" (Lk 3:23), this phrase encompasses not only biological fatherhood but also legal adoption or a social standing as a "son" (e.g., son-in-law). Luke’s structure consistently uses this phrase to denote succession within the family line, upholding the legitimacy of the preceding name as an ancestor to Jesus.
- Joanna (Ἰωαννᾶ, Iōannâ): This name is specific to Luke's genealogy and does not appear in other biblical genealogies of Jesus (like Matthew's). Its uniqueness further supports the view that Luke is tracing a distinct line, widely considered to be Mary’s lineage. Little is known about this specific ancestor, underscoring the commonness of Jesus's ancestry and God's sovereign choice through ordinary people.
- Rhesa (Ῥησά, Rhēsa): Like Joanna, Rhesa is an exclusive name to Luke’s genealogy. Its presence points to the meticulous detail of Luke’s research and his aim to provide a comprehensive lineage through the distinct branch that leads to Mary, showcasing the broad and diverse background that converges in Christ.
- Zerubbabel (Ζοροβάβελ, Zorobábel): Hebrew: זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zerubbāḇel), possibly meaning "seed/offspring of Babylon" or "one born in Babylon." Zerubbabel is a historically significant figure who played a crucial role in the post-exilic period (c. 538 BC). He was the governor of Judah, a Davidic descendant (Hag 1:1; Zech 4:6-10), and led the first return of Jewish exiles from Babylon. He initiated the rebuilding of the Second Temple. His inclusion directly links Jesus's lineage to the historical restoration of Israel, a foreshadowing of the spiritual temple Jesus would build. His role as "governor" and descendant of David was central to messianic hopes of a re-established Davidic kingdom.
- Salathiel (Σαλαθιήλ, Salathiēl): Hebrew: שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל (Šeʾaltîʾēl), meaning "I have asked of God." Salathiel is identified as Zerubbabel's father in both Luke's and Matthew's genealogies (Mt 1:12; Ezr 3:2; Neh 12:1). He bridges the royal line during the Babylonian exile. His name, possibly reflecting a cry for God's intervention, underscores the hope for the Davidic dynasty's restoration amidst a period of subjugation.
- Neri (Νηρί, Nēri): This ancestor is unique to Luke’s genealogy, contrasting with Matthew, who lists Jeconiah as Salathiel’s father. Neri is considered a descendant of Nathan, one of David's sons, distinct from Solomon's line through which Matthew traces. This distinction is key evidence supporting the view that Luke follows Mary’s lineage, linking Jesus firmly to the Nathanic branch of David's house.
Words-group analysis
- "Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa...": The continuous "which was the son of" structure creates a powerful and authoritative progression. It highlights the direct lineage and establishes a unbroken chain back to previous generations, reinforcing the authenticity and legitimacy of Jesus's heritage. This rhythmic repetition underlines the meticulously documented divine plan spanning centuries and individuals, leading to the Incarnation. Each mention confirms the next ancestral link in God's unfolding narrative of redemption.
Luke 3 27 Bonus section
The significant difference between Luke's and Matthew's genealogies (Solomonic vs. Nathanic lines from David) highlights that Luke is commonly interpreted as presenting Mary's lineage, while Matthew provides Joseph's. This addresses the question of how Jesus can be David's heir since Mary is also from the tribe of Judah and descended from David. The presence of Zerubbabel in both genealogies (though with different fathers: Matthew has Jeconiah, Luke has Neri) further complexifies and underscores the intricate web of ancient family relations, possibly through levirate marriage, adoption, or maternal links. The emphasis in Luke's account is on Jesus's deep connection to humanity through His ancestors, tracing back to Adam as the universal "Son of Man," fulfilling God's promise to send a Messiah for all nations.
Luke 3 27 Commentary
Luke 3:27 is more than a list of names; it is a vital part of Luke’s theological narrative demonstrating Jesus’s historical legitimacy and universal appeal. By including names like Zerubbabel, a pivotal figure in Israel’s post-exilic return and temple rebuilding, Luke firmly roots Jesus within the continuum of God’s redemptive work. Zerubbabel, despite laying the foundation of the second temple, did not fully realize the glorious temple or the full Davidic reign. Jesus, as the true Zerubbabel (spiritual builder), comes to finish what was incomplete, rebuilding a spiritual temple (the Church) and inaugurating the eternal Davidic kingdom. The unique names like Joanna, Rhesa, and Neri signify Luke’s distinct contribution, traditionally understood to trace Mary's ancestral line back to David via Nathan, ensuring Jesus's direct bloodline claim to the throne of David through both legal and biological pathways. This verse showcases that God works through real human history and individuals, preparing the way for the coming of His Son.