Joshua 12:19 kjv
The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
Joshua 12:19 nkjv
the king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
Joshua 12:19 niv
the king of Madon ? one the king of Hazor ? one
Joshua 12:19 esv
the king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
Joshua 12:19 nlt
The king of Madon
The king of Hazor
Joshua 12 19 Cross References
| Verse | Text | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Josh 12:1-24 | These are the kings of the land... conquered by Joshua. | Whole chapter lists vanquished kings. |
| Josh 11:10-11 | Hazor formerly was the head of all those kingdoms... and burnt Hazor with fire. | Hazor's strategic importance and destruction. |
| Josh 10:40 | Joshua conquered all the land... he utterly destroyed all that breathed. | Total conquest and divine judgment. |
| Josh 1:5-6 | As I was with Moses, so I will be with you... you shall cause this people to inherit the land. | God's promise of assistance to Joshua. |
| Josh 21:43-45 | The Lord gave to Israel all the land... not a word failed. | God's faithfulness in fulfilling promises. |
| Deut 7:1-2 | When the Lord your God brings you into the land... you shall utterly destroy them. | Divine command for complete destruction. |
| Deut 9:4-5 | Not because of your righteousness... but for the wickedness of these nations. | God's justice in displacing wicked nations. |
| Num 33:53-56 | Dispossess the inhabitants... if you do not, then they shall be as pricks. | Command to clear the land and its consequences. |
| Judg 4:2, 17 | Jabin king of Canaan who reigned in Hazor... oppressing Israel twenty years. | Hazor's later resurgence shows continued struggle. |
| Judg 1:1-2:5 | The people did not drive out the inhabitants... | Later Israel's failure to complete the conquest. |
| Psa 44:1-3 | Our fathers told us... by Your strong arm You gave them. | God, not human strength, gives victory. |
| Exod 23:27-30 | I will send my terror before you... drive out the Hivites, Canaanites... | God promises to supernaturally aid conquest. |
| Gen 15:18-21 | To your offspring I give this land... from the river of Egypt to the great river. | Covenant promise of land to Abraham. |
| Gen 12:7 | To your offspring I will give this land. | Initial land promise. |
| Lev 18:24-28 | For all these abominations... the land vomited out its inhabitants. | Canaan's wickedness leads to its expulsion. |
| Jer 25:9-11 | I am sending for all the tribes of the north... and for Nebuchadnezzar... and I will bring them against this land. | God uses earthly kings as agents of judgment. |
| Rom 13:1-2 | For there is no authority except from God... the authorities that exist are appointed by God. | God's sovereignty over earthly rulers. |
| Eph 6:12 | For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities... | Spiritual nature of conflict. |
| Heb 4:8-9 | For if Joshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken of another day. | Canaanic rest as a type of true spiritual rest. |
| Col 2:15 | He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them. | Christ's victory over spiritual powers. |
| 1 Cor 15:25 | For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet. | Christ's ultimate victory over all enemies. |
| Rev 19:16 | On His robe and on His thigh He has a name written, King of Kings and Lord of Lords. | Jesus as the ultimate sovereign over all kings. |
| Psa 2:10-11 | Now therefore, O kings, be wise... Serve the Lord with fear. | Warning to all kings to acknowledge God's rule. |
| Dan 2:44 | The God of heaven will set up a kingdom that shall never be destroyed... it shall crush all these kingdoms and bring them to an end. | God's eternal kingdom overcomes all earthly powers. |
Joshua 12 verses
Joshua 12 19 Meaning
This verse succinctly records the defeat of two more Canaanite kings by the Israelites under Joshua's command: the king of Madon and the king of Hazor. It serves as a single entry in a larger historical record detailing the comprehensive victory and divine fulfillment of God's promise to give Israel the land of Canaan by conquering all its organized resistance.
Joshua 12 19 Context
Joshua chapter 12 serves as a detailed postscript to the accounts of conquest, offering a comprehensive and structured list of the defeated kings, thereby affirming the full extent of the victory. The chapter is divided into two parts: verses 1-6 enumerate the kings east of the Jordan conquered under Moses, while verses 7-24 list the 31 kings west of the Jordan whom Joshua and the Israelites vanquished. This precise tabulation highlights the systematic nature of the conquest and emphasizes that the Lord had delivered every designated enemy. Verse 19 specifically falls within this second list, detailing the conquest of specific powerful city-states in the northern part of Canaan, specifically Madon and the exceedingly powerful Hazor. This list solidifies the historical fact of the land being taken and given to Israel as God had promised to Abraham generations earlier.
Joshua 12 19 Word analysis
the king (מֶ֫לֶךְ, melech): This standard Hebrew term signifies the sovereign ruler, the military and political leader of a city-state. Its repeated appearance throughout this chapter emphasizes that the conquest was directed not merely at anonymous populations but at their structured leadership, dismantling their governmental and military capabilities. This was a direct overthrow of established power.
of Madon (מָדוֹן, Madon): The specific city-state name. While not as prominently known as Hazor, Madon was clearly a significant entity that aligned with other northern powers. Its inclusion in this precise list affirms the comprehensive nature of the Israelite conquest, indicating that no entity, regardless of its perceived importance, escaped the divine judgment delivered through Israel. Archeological debate exists regarding its precise location, but its listing here confirms its historical reality as a defeated kingdom.
one (אֶחָ֤ד, echad): The simple Hebrew numeral meaning "one," or "a single one." Its recurring presence after each city ("one; the king of X, one;...") serves a crucial purpose. It meticulously confirms that each individual king, and thus their associated city-state, was unequivocally conquered. It dispels any ambiguity, stressing the finality and thoroughness of each specific victory, demonstrating the systematic completion of the divine commission. It implies no king was left untouched.
the king of Hazor (חָצ֗וֹר, Hatsor): Hazor was undeniably the most dominant city-state in the Late Bronze Age Levant, described in Josh 11:10 as the "head of all those kingdoms" (referring to the northern coalition). Its conquest, including the burning of the city, represented the complete dismantling of organized Canaanite resistance in the north. Its prominence in this list, as well as in other biblical and extrabiblical texts, underscores its strategic and regional significance. Its inclusion here not only signals a major military achievement but a decisive blow to the most powerful of Israel's enemies, illustrating God's power over the seemingly insurmountable.
Words-group analysis: "the king of [city], one": This repetitive structural pattern used 31 times throughout Joshua 12:9-24 is far more than a simple inventory. It functions as a powerful theological and historical statement. Each "one" serves as an emphatic confirmation of God's covenant faithfulness: He promised the land and delivered it, dispossessing its current rulers. This methodical enumeration highlights God's comprehensive victory over organized resistance. It asserts His sovereignty over all earthly kings and kingdoms, showcasing the fulfillment of prophecy and the execution of divine judgment against the deeply idolatrous and corrupt Canaanite civilizations. It is a systematic recounting of a miraculous divine intervention.
Joshua 12 19 Bonus section
- The meticulous counting of the kings in Joshua 12—Moses' conquest of two kings east of the Jordan (vv. 1-6) and Joshua's conquest of 31 kings west of the Jordan (vv. 7-24)—provides incontrovertible evidence of the thoroughness of the conquest. It highlights God's strategic guidance that allowed for the methodical elimination of resistance.
- The destruction of Hazor (Josh 11:11) holds significant theological weight. Unlike many other cities (cf. Deut 20:16), Hazor was burned, a specific instruction that emphasizes its role as the 'head' kingdom and the severe judgment on its idolatry. This distinct fate underlines its paramount strategic and symbolic importance in the conquest.
- The specific mention of individual kings, rather than generic peoples, accentuates that Israel's war was against the entrenched, divinely condemned Canaanite state structures, illustrating God's sovereignty over earthly political powers.
Joshua 12 19 Commentary
Joshua 12:19 is a concise but potent verse within a chapter celebrating the successful conclusion of Israel's conquest of Canaan. The listing of the king of Madon alongside the powerful king of Hazor highlights the comprehensiveness of God's victory. Hazor, as the leading northern city, represented the formidable peak of Canaanite strength, yet it too fell under God's hand. The repetitive phrase "one" following each king's title systematically reaffirms that no ruler, however great or obscure, withstood the divine commission carried out by Joshua. This is a theological declaration that God faithfully fulfills His promises, judges wickedness decisively, and delivers His people, bringing them into the inheritance He appointed for them. It testifies to God's detailed attention to His word and His irresistible power over all human kingdoms.