Isaiah 28:25 meaning, Cross Ref, ai commentary KJV NIV ESV NLT

Isaiah 28:25 kjv

When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place?

Isaiah 28:25 nkjv

When he has leveled its surface, Does he not sow the black cummin And scatter the cummin, Plant the wheat in rows, The barley in the appointed place, And the spelt in its place?

Isaiah 28:25 niv

When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin? Does he not plant wheat in its place, barley in its plot, and spelt in its field?

Isaiah 28:25 esv

When he has leveled its surface, does he not scatter dill, sow cumin, and put in wheat in rows and barley in its proper place, and emmer as the border?

Isaiah 28:25 nlt

Does he not finally plant his seeds ?
black cumin, cumin, wheat, barley, and emmer wheat ?
each in its proper way,
and each in its proper place?

Isaiah 28 25 Cross References

Verse	Text	Reference
Isa 28:25-26	"When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow cumin and scatter caraway? Does he not put in the wheat 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verse itself, when translated into English from Hebrew, is quite clear. When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow cumin and scatter..."The farming aspect is key here. In the ancient Near East, after a crop was harvested, the threshing floor was prepared for the next stage of farming, which involves separating the grain from the chaff. This verse compares God's meticulous, purposeful approach to agriculture to His ways of governing and dispensing justice. The farmer's careful actions—leveling, sowing specific seeds (cumin and caraway), and then planting wheat—are intentional. This speaks to God's precise involvement in all aspects of life, even seemingly mundane ones, highlighting His order and sovereignty over creation. The specific mention of "cumin and caraway" suggests variety and also implies that God understands and implements specific processes, not just general ones. The leveled surface would be for the threshing process, indicating the readiness for further action.

The context of Isaiah 28 is a prophecy against the Ephraimites (northern kingdom of Israel) and then the people of Jerusalem, particularly focusing on their arrogance and reliance on false security. They boasted in their "covenant with death" and "agreement with Sheol" (Isa 28:15), believing they could escape divine judgment. God, through Isaiah, warns them that their self-made protections are illusory. This verse is part of God's refutation of their proud claims by contrasting His wise, orderly administration of His creation with their foolish, chaotic reliance on deception. The farming analogy underscores that just as a farmer intelligently sows and harvests, God intelligently administers justice and judgment, and their false security will be overturned.

he has leveled the surface: This refers to preparing the threshing floor.
does he not sow: Implies intention and planting.
cumin and caraway: Specific seeds, indicating precise sowing. Hebrew: "qaṣṣu'a" (cumin) and "kimmel" (caraway). Cumin was a common spice and flavoring, and caraway seeds were also used. The careful sowing of different seeds highlights intentionality and distribution.
wheat: Another specific crop, referred to as "ḥittah" in Hebrew.

Words-group by words-group analysis:

"When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow cumin and scatter caraway?": This depicts the methodical preparation of the threshing floor after harvest and the deliberate sowing of seeds, showcasing intelligent agriculture.
"Does he not put in the wheat in
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Hebrew transliteration 'meṣawwo' meaning 'to instruct, to ordain, to direct'. A farmer directing the process of sowing seeds into the prepared land. This emphasizes intelligent guidance and specific application. The imagery points to divine order in sowing, contrasting with the unthinking, chaotic ways of those being addressed in Isaiah. The concept of a farmer sowing "wheat inththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththanoh|ththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththt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passage here acts as an analogy, likening God's actions to a farmer's methodical preparation and sowing of crops. It emphasizes that God's judgments and blessings are not haphazard but carefully planned and executed.
Threshing and Sowing: Farmers level the threshing floor to prepare for separating grain from chaff, a crucial step before sowing the next crop. This preparation is orderly and deliberate.
Specific Seeds: The sowing of "cumin and caraway" indicates that God, like a skilled farmer, knows what to sow and where. This isn't random; it's a precise application of different resources or judgments.
Wheat: The mention of wheat as the primary grain implies the ultimate yield and intended outcome of God's processes.
Proverbs 3:19-20: "The LORD by wisdom founded the earth; by understanding he established the heavens; by his knowledge the deeps broke forth, and the skies drip dew." This highlights God's wisdom and knowledge in creation, similar to the farmer's knowledge in cultivation.
Ecclesiastes 3:1: "For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven." This verse underscores the divine timing and order in all events.
Galatians 6:7-9: "Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. For whatever a man sows he will, also reap. A man reaps only what he sows. Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap corruption; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up." This New Testament passage directly connects sowing and reaping to spiritual principles, echoing the agricultural analogy.
Psalm 1:1-3: "Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked... He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season." This speaks of fruitful living that comes from following God's ways.
Jeremiah 17:7-8: "But blessed is the one who trusts in the LORD, whose confidence is in him. They will be like a tree planted by water that sends its roots by a stream; it will not fear when heat comes; its leaves are always green. It will still bear fruit in a time of drought." This also highlights the outcome of trusting God, framed by a natural analogy.
Genesis 26:12: "Isaac planted crops in that land and the same year reaped a hundredfold, because the LORD blessed him." This shows God's blessing accompanying faithful sowing.
Deuteronomy 28:3-5: "Blessed will be the fruit of your body, the produce of your ground and the increase of your herds, the young of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks. Blessed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl." This outlines blessings associated with proper agriculture, reflecting God's ordered provision.
Matthew 13:3-9 (Parable of the Sower): Jesus uses the analogy of a sower scattering seed to explain how people respond to God's word. The seed represents the word of God, and the different soils represent different responses.
Matthew 13:18-23: Jesus' explanation of the Parable of the Sower, highlighting the intentionality of the sower and the various outcomes based on the soil's reception.
2 Corinthians 9:6: "Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously." This links generosity in giving to spiritual reaping.
Revelation 14:15: "Another angel came out of the temple and called in a loud voice to him who sat on the cloud, 'Take up your sickle and your reaping, because the time to reap has come, for the harvest of the earth is ripe.'" This depicts a future harvest, illustrating God's ultimate judgment and gathering.
Romans 11:16-17: "If the first piece of dough is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the roots are holy, so are the branches. If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, though you were once wild olive shoots, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, do not consider yourself superior to those other branches." This uses a plant/tree analogy to explain God's relationship with Israel and Gentiles, highlighting interconnectedness and divine cultivation.
Psalm 65:11: "You crown the year with your bounty; your paths overflow with abundance." This attributes the harvest to God's provision and abundant blessing.
Job 38:26-27: "Who makes rivers flow into deserts? Who makes the deserts bloom? God controls the weather and the rain that make agriculture possible." This highlights God's control over the natural processes essential for farming.
1 Corinthians 15:38: "But God gives it a body as he has determined, and even to each kind of seed one of its own body." This points to God's intentionality in the physical order of things, including how seeds grow.
Hebrews 12:11: "No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it." This relates discipline to a spiritual harvest.
Hosea 10:12: "Sow righteousness for yourselves, reap a harvest of faithfulness; sow according to righteousness reap now; break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek the LORD, until he comes and rains righteousness upon you." This contrasts sowing wickedness with sowing righteousness and the corresponding harvests.
Acts 17:24-25: "The God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples built by human hands. And he is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything, because he himself gives all men life and breath and everything else." This points to God as the ultimate provider and creator, not dependent on human works.

Context

Isaiah 28 contains prophecies against the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, primarily focusing on their spiritual adultery and misplaced trust. The people of Jerusalem are rebuked for their arrogance and their "covenant with death" (Isa 28:15), a self-made security against Assyrian invasion that God views as worthless. In this specific context, the prophet Isaiah uses the analogy of farming to illustrate God's purposeful and intelligent governance of His creation and His people. The passage highlights God’s wisdom in knowing precisely what to plant, when, and where, a stark contrast to the foolish, deceptive policies of the people of Judah. Their trust was in their fortifications and alliances, not in God, who is the true source of order and sustenance.

Word analysis

"when": Temporal conjunction, introducing a condition or time.
"he": Refers to God, the subject of the actions.
"has prepared": Implies deliberate action and setting in order. Hebrew: 'atar (to fence, enclose, prepare, thresh). The threshing floor was prepared.
"the surface": Refers to the area where threshing takes place. Hebrew: mir'ades (threshing floor).
"doth he not sow": A rhetorical question emphasizing the certainty and purposefulness of the action. Hebrew: 'im-lō' (if not, does he not). Sowing implies deliberate planting with intent for future yield.
"cumin": A specific spice/grain. Hebrew: qäṣṣûa`.
"and scatter": Distribute or sow. Hebrew: yip̄ōr (to winnow, scatter seed).
"caraway": Another specific seed/spice. Hebrew: kammōn (cumin, or caraway, often translated as cumin again due to semantic overlap or regional usage).
"and put": Place or sow. Hebrew: yittēn (to give, put).
"in": Into.
"wheat": The main grain. Hebrew: ḥiṭṭāh.
"in": Into.
"their chief": This could refer to the best or principal amount of wheat, or possibly a specific type. Hebrew: siddēh (the principal, chief portion).
"and\": Conjunction.
"appointed": Designated or set. Hebrew: mešûmāh (appointed place, or sown plot). The text implies an ordained or appointed location for planting or growth.
"place": Field or designated area. Hebrew: šādeh (field, country, pasture).

Words-group by words-group analysis:

"When he has prepared the surface, does he not sow cumin and scatter caraway?": This depicts the farmer preparing the ground and then intentionally sowing different types of seeds. The use of specific, seemingly less common grains like cumin and caraway highlights God’s detailed knowledge and deliberate action in His processes.
"Does he not put in the wheat inthththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththe_thethththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththt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Isaiah 28 verses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Isaiah 28 25 Meaning

The verse describes God's specific methods of cultivating and distributing grain, drawing a parallel to His divine wisdom and judgment. He doesn't simply allow things to happen randomly but intelligently apportions and directs.

Isaiah 28 25 Context

Isaiah 28 25 Word analysis

"when": Temporal conjunction, introducing a condition or time.
"he": Refers to God, the subject of the actions.
"has prepared": Implies deliberate action and setting in order. Hebrew: 'atar (to fence, enclose, prepare, thresh). The threshing floor was prepared.
"the surface": Refers to the area where threshing takes place. Hebrew: mir'ades (threshing floor).
"doth he not sow": A rhetorical question emphasizing the certainty and purposefulness of the action. Hebrew: 'im-lō' (if not, does he not). Sowing implies deliberate planting with intent for future yield.
"cumin": A specific spice/grain. Hebrew: qäṣṣûa`.
"and scatter": Distribute or sow. Hebrew: yip̄ōr (to winnow, scatter seed).
"caraway": Another specific seed/spice. Hebrew: kammōn (cumin, or caraway, often translated as cumin again due to semantic overlap or regional usage).
"and put": Place or sow. Hebrew: yittēn (to give, put).
"in": Into.
"wheat": The main grain. Hebrew: ḥiṭṭāh.
"in": Into.
"their chief": This could refer to the best or principal amount of wheat, or possibly a specific type. Hebrew: siddēh (the principal, chief portion).
"and\": Conjunction.
"appointed": Designated or set. Hebrew: mešûmāh (appointed place, or sown plot). The text implies an ordained or appointed location for planting or growth.
"place": Field or designated area. Hebrew: šādeh (field, country, pasture).

Words-group by words-group analysis:

"When he has prepared the surface, does he not sow cumin and scatter caraway?": This depicts the farmer preparing the ground and then intentionally sowing different types of seeds. The use of specific, seemingly less common grains like cumin and caraway highlights God’s detailed knowledge and deliberate action in His processes.
"Does he not put in the wheat inthththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththe_thethththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththththt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