Ezekiel 23:23 kjv
The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.
Ezekiel 23:23 nkjv
The Babylonians, All the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, All the Assyrians with them, All of them desirable young men, Governors and rulers, Captains and men of renown, All of them riding on horses.
Ezekiel 23:23 niv
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, all of them governors and commanders, chariot officers and men of high rank, all mounted on horses.
Ezekiel 23:23 esv
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, governors and commanders all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.
Ezekiel 23:23 nlt
For the Babylonians will come with all the Chaldeans from Pekod and Shoa and Koa. And all the Assyrians will come with them ? handsome young captains, commanders, chariot officers, and other high-ranking officers, all riding their horses.
Ezekiel 23 23 Cross References
| Verse | Text | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ezek 23:23 | ...every confederacy with Assyria and all the Babylonians, all Jubal, all Chaldea, all Ashur... | Ezekiel 23:4-10 (Depicts Judah and Samaria's alliances) |
| Isa 10:5-6 | "Oh Assyria, the rod of my anger... I will send him against a hypocritical nation." | Isaiah 10:5-6 (Assyria as a tool of God's judgment) |
| Jer 25:9 | "I will summon all the peoples of the north... and Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, my servant." | Jeremiah 25:9 (Babylon as God's instrument) |
| Hab 1:6 | "I am raising up the Babylonians, that fierce and hasty people..." | Habakkuk 1:6 (Babylonians described as fearsome) |
| Ps 76:10 | "Surely the wrath of man shall praise You..." | Psalm 76:10 (Human wrath ultimately serving God's purposes) |
| 2 Kings 17:5-6 | "The king of Assyria deported Israel to Assyria..." | 2 Kings 17:5-6 (Historical fall of Samaria to Assyria) |
| 2 Kings 18:9-12 | "Then the king of Assyria invaded all the land and went up to Samaria..." | 2 Kings 18:9-12 (Assyrian siege of Samaria) |
| Jer 50:1-3 | "Bel shall be put to shame, Merodach dismayed... for a nation from the north has come against her." | Jeremiah 50:1-3 (Prophecy against Babylon, mentioning north as source of destruction) |
| Ezek 23:11-12 | "And Oholibah saw... the Babylonians... committed whoredoms with them." | Ezekiel 23:11-12 (Oholibah's entanglements leading to judgment) |
| Ezek 16:26-29 | "You devoted yourself to Egypt... you were shameless..." | Ezekiel 16:26-29 (Similar descriptions of whoredom and alliances) |
| Hosea 10:6 | "Israel shall be carried to Assyria as tribute to a great king." | Hosea 10:6 (Prophecy of Israel's deportation to Assyria) |
| Amos 5:27 | "Therefore I will carry you away captive beyond Damascus..." | Amos 5:27 (Prophecy of exile) |
| Nahum 1:12-13 | "Though they are sound and many, yet they shall be mown down... Though I have afflicted you, I will afflict you no more." | Nahum 1:12-13 (Assyria's impending doom, paralleling judgment on others) |
| Ps 37:13 | "The Lord laughs at the wicked, for he sees that his day is coming." | Psalm 37:13 (God's perspective on impending judgment) |
| Deut 28:49 | "The LORD will bring a nation from far away, from the end of the earth, as the eagle swoops..." | Deuteronomy 28:49 (Prophecy of foreign invaders) |
| Jer 21:4-7 | "Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel... I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon..." | Jeremiah 21:4-7 (God's hand in Judah's defeat by Babylon) |
| Ezek 25:3-7 | "say to the Ammonites... I will stretch out my hand against Moab..." | Ezekiel 25:3-7 (God's judgment against surrounding nations) |
| Ezek 35:10-15 | "because you said, ‘These two nations and these two lands shall be mine...'" | Ezekiel 35:10-15 (Judgment on Edom for animosity) |
| Ezek 36:1-7 | "Because the enemy said of you, ‘Aha! And ‘Against you let us rejoice, with kindred glee.’" | Ezekiel 36:1-7 (Reproach of nations against Israel) |
| Ps 55:12-14 | "If an enemy had reviled me, then I could have borne it..." | Psalm 55:12-14 (Betrayal by allies) |
| Zech 11:7-9 | "So I bought them for thirty pieces of silver. And I said to them, ‘You shall not dwell in my land...'" | Zechariah 11:7-9 (Illustrative act of covenant broken) |
| Micah 1:6-7 | "Therefore I will make Samaria a heap of ruins... its foundations will be laid bare." | Micah 1:6-7 (Prophecy against Samaria's destruction) |
| Rev 17:1-6 | "Come, I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute... with whom the kings of the earth have committed immorality..." | Revelation 17:1-6 (Symbolism of fornication and judgment of Babylon) |
| Isa 14:24-27 | "The LORD of hosts has sworn: ‘As I have purposed, so shall it stand..." | Isaiah 14:24-27 (God's sovereignty over nations) |
Ezekiel 23 verses
Ezekiel 23 23 Meaning
The verse signifies a complete and inescapable judgment being brought upon Samaria by her powerful and formidable enemies, who are depicted as merchants and traders skilled in commanding armies and chariots. This judgment is characterized by their ability to recognize Samaria's flaws and exploit them for destruction, indicating a thorough and comprehensive downfall.
Ezekiel 23 23 Context
This verse is found in Ezekiel chapter 23, which vividly portrays the unfaithfulness of the northern kingdom of Israel (Samaria, symbolized by Oholah) and the southern kingdom of Judah (symbolized by Oholibah) through the metaphor of two unfaithful sisters. Chapter 23 details their persistent adulterous alliances with various foreign nations, particularly Egypt and Assyria, and later Babylon. God uses Ezekiel to expose their deep-seated corruption, idolatry, and rebellion, highlighting how their reliance on political alliances instead of divine protection led to their eventual destruction and exile. This specific verse lists the key entities that will bring judgment upon Samaria, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of God's pronouncement.
Ezekiel 23 23 Word Analysis
And: Conjunction linking this verse to the preceding actions and accusations.
they: Refers to the confederacies and enemies mentioned in previous verses and here listed by name.
shall come: Indicates the inevitable arrival of the agents of judgment.
against: Points to the direct target of the coming judgment.
her: Refers back to Samaria, the personified northern kingdom of Israel.
with: Signifies participation or association.
confederacy: From the Hebrew "berith," meaning covenant, league, or treaty, highlighting established alliances.
of Assyria: Refers to the Assyrian empire, a major power that historically conquered the northern kingdom.
and all: Emphasizes the totality of those involved in the confederacy and those who will come against her.
Babylonians: Refers to the inhabitants of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, which rose to power after Assyria and also conquered nations in the region, including Judah.
all: Repetition underscores the comprehensive sweep of the judgment.
Jubal: While this name is not a clearly identified historical empire or people in relation to Mesopotamian powers, interpretations vary. Some scholars suggest it might be a textual corruption or a lesser-known allied people, or even refer to a region or confederation in proximity to the named powers that contributed to the encompassing nature of the threat. Given the context of identifying comprehensive enemies, its inclusion might signify the extent of Samaria's entanglements and the many factions involved in her eventual downfall.
all: Further emphasis on inclusivity.
Chaldea: The region and empire of the Chaldeans, synonymous with Babylon in this context, representing the peak of Neo-Babylonian power.
all: Reiterates the absolute extent of the attacking forces.
Ashur: Refers to Assyria, used here in a collective sense to represent its vast influence and remaining spheres of power or its constituent peoples involved in conquering efforts.
all: Final reinforcement of the all-encompassing nature of the threat against Samaria.
Word Group Analysis: The verse lists multiple entities: Assyria, Babylonians, Jubal, Chaldea, and Ashur. The repetition of "all" before each (or implicitly linked through the sentence structure) emphasizes that the judgment would not come from a single enemy but from a comprehensive network of powers that Samaria had involved herself with. These entities represent the historically dominant empires of the Mesopotamian region. The names essentially reiterate and expand on the "confederacy" with Assyria, confirming the thoroughness of the invading forces. The intent is to portray Samaria as completely surrounded and doomed by those with whom she made illicit alliances.
Ezekiel 23 23 Bonus Section
The verse's comprehensive listing of enemies reflects the nature of ancient warfare and political maneuvering, where complex alliances and confederacies were common. Samaria, in her unfaithfulness, engaged in such entanglements, believing they offered security. However, Ezekiel's prophecy reveals that these very covenants would become the instruments of her complete annihilation. The term "Jubal" remains a point of scholarly discussion, possibly referencing a people allied with Babylon or Assyria, or it might highlight the extensive, albeit perhaps obscure to modern readers, nature of Samaria's treaty obligations. The repetition of "all" powerfully conveys the totality of the divine judgment being unleashed.
Ezekiel 23 23 Commentary
Ezekiel 23:23 pronounces judgment on Samaria, symbolizing the unfaithful northern kingdom of Israel, by declaring that all her alliances—specifically with Assyria and Babylonians, including associated peoples like Jubal, Chaldeans, and the broader influence of Assyria (Ashur)—will bring her downfall. This verse highlights God's sovereignty, using even the treacherous Gentile nations, with whom Israel had wrongly partnered, as instruments of His justice. Samaria’s historical entanglement with these very empires, culminating in her destruction and deportation by Assyria, validates this prophetic declaration. The verse underscores the dire consequences of spiritual adultery, showing that forsaking God for human alliances leads to utter destruction by those very partners. The cumulative effect of listing these various peoples underscores the complete siege and inescapable fate awaiting Samaria due to her pervasive unfaithfulness.