Acts 2:35 kjv
Until I make thy foes thy footstool.
Acts 2:35 nkjv
Till I make Your enemies Your footstool." '
Acts 2:35 niv
until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet."?'
Acts 2:35 esv
until I make your enemies your footstool."'
Acts 2:35 nlt
until I humble your enemies,
making them a footstool under your feet."'
Acts 2 35 Cross References
| Verse | Text | Reference ||---|---|---|| Psa 110:1 | The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand, Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” | The original Old Testament prophecy cited by Peter, central to Christ's identity and reign. || Heb 10:12-13 | but He, having offered one sacrifice for sins for all time, SAT DOWN AT THE RIGHT HAND OF GOD, waiting from that time onward UNTIL HIS ENEMIES ARE MADE A FOOTSTOOL FOR HIS FEET. | Direct parallel, emphasizing Christ's finished work and ongoing wait for consummated triumph. || 1 Cor 15:25-26 | For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet. The last enemy that will be abolished is death. | Explains the nature of the "until" and identifies death as the final enemy to be vanquished. || Eph 1:20-22 | which He brought about in Christ, when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly places, far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and every name that is named... And He put all things in subjection under His feet... | Christ's exalted position and universal dominion over all powers are established. || 1 Pet 3:22 | who is at the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, after angels and authorities and powers had been subjected to Him. | Confirms Christ's authority and the immediate subjection of spiritual powers at His ascension. || Phil 2:9-11 | For this reason also God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus EVERY KNEE WILL BOW, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. | Universal and ultimate recognition of Christ's sovereignty by all creation. || Rom 8:37-39 | But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us... For I am convinced that neither death, nor life... nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. | Christ's ultimate victory means believers share in His triumph over all adversities. || Rev 19:11-16 | And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war... and on His robe and on His thigh He has a name written, "KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS." | The final manifestation of Christ's triumphant reign and defeat of His enemies at His second coming. || Ps 8:6 | You make him rule over the works of Your hands; You have put everything under his feet, | A Psalm depicting humanity's intended dominion, fulfilled perfectly in Christ, the ideal Man. || Josh 10:24 | When they had brought these kings out to Joshua, Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said to the chiefs of the men of war who had gone with him, "Come near, put your feet on the necks of these kings." So they came near and put their feet on their necks. | Provides a historical example of the "foot on the neck" imagery for total subjugation, illustrating the verse's meaning. || Isa 45:23 | I have sworn by Myself, The word has gone forth from My mouth in righteousness and will not turn back, That to Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear allegiance. | Prophecy of universal homage to God, applied to Christ's universal lordship. || Dan 7:13-14 | I kept looking in the night visions, And behold, with the clouds of heaven One like a Son of Man was coming... And to Him was given dominion, Glory, and a kingdom, That all the peoples, nations, and men of every language Might serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion Which will not pass away... | Prophetic vision of the Son of Man's universal, eternal dominion. || Matt 22:41-45 | Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question: "What do you think about the Christ, whose son is He?"... He said to them, "Then how does David in the Spirit call Him 'Lord,' saying, 'THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD, "SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET"'" | Jesus Himself quotes Psalm 110:1, highlighting its messianic significance and the divine nature of the Christ. || Acts 7:55-56 | But being full of the Holy Spirit, he gazed intently into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God; and he said, "Behold, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God." | Stephen's vision confirms Jesus' exalted position at God's right hand. || Acts 5:31 | He is the one whom God exalted to His right hand as a Prince and a Savior, to grant repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. | Links Christ's exaltation to His role as sovereign Lord and giver of salvation. || Col 3:1 | Therefore if you have been raised up with Christ, keep seeking the things above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. | Emphasizes Christ's current, ruling position and its implications for believers. || Mark 16:19 | So then, when the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, He was received up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. | Another Gospel account confirming Jesus' ascension and exaltation. || Luke 22:69 | "But from now on THE SON OF MAN WILL BE SEATED AT THE RIGHT HAND of the power OF GOD." | Jesus' own prophecy of His future exaltation and power. || Rev 20:10 | And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. | Depicts the ultimate and final defeat of the primary enemy, Satan. || Rev 20:14 | Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. | The final destruction of death, fulfilling 1 Corinthians 15:26's identification of the last enemy. || 1 Cor 2:8 | which none of the rulers of this age has understood; for if they had understood it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory; | Illustrates how "enemies" include human authorities who unwittingly oppose God's divine plan and Christ. || Rom 16:20 | The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you. | Implies a shared victory for believers over the spiritual enemy, reflective of Christ's greater triumph. |
Acts 2 verses
Acts 2 35 Meaning
This verse, quoted by Peter from Psalm 110:1, declares God's solemn promise to the exalted Jesus: all His adversaries will eventually be brought into complete submission and defeat, signifying Christ's ultimate and total dominion over every opposing power and entity.
Acts 2 35 Context
Acts chapter 2 details the momentous day of Pentecost, marked by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. This extraordinary event leads Peter to deliver his first Spirit-empowered sermon to a diverse crowd. He uses Old Testament prophecy, specifically from Joel and Psalms, to explain these unprecedented happenings. Acts 2:35 is a pivotal point in his argument, serving to demonstrate that Jesus, whom his audience had crucified, is indeed the resurrected and ascended Messiah. By quoting Psalm 110:1, Peter asserts that Jesus is now seated at the right hand of God, where He exercises divine authority and from where He has poured out the Spirit as proof of His exaltation. Historically, Psalm 110 was revered as a highly significant messianic psalm by the Jews, speaking of a unique priest-king who would rule, though its full, divine interpretation was often veiled until Christ's coming. Peter applies it directly to Jesus, forcefully challenging the Jewish leaders' and people's rejection of Him by declaring Him Lord and Christ.
Acts 2 35 Word analysis
- until (ἕως - heōs): This Greek particle indicates a process that continues up to a specific point of culmination. It implies an ongoing present reality with a future, definite endpoint. Christ is already enthroned and reigns, and the subjugation of His enemies is progressing until complete.
- I make (θῶ - thō): From tithēmi, meaning "to place," "to set," or "to make." This highlights God the Father's active and deliberate role in ensuring the complete subjection of Christ's adversaries. It signifies a divine, purposeful action.
- Your enemies (τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου - tous echthrous sou): These are all forces that oppose Christ's divine authority and reign. This includes spiritual powers of darkness, human adversaries who reject God's rule, sin, and ultimately, death itself, as identified in 1 Cor 15:25-26. It refers to anyone or anything standing in defiance of Christ's kingdom.
- a footstool (ὑποπόδιον - hypopodion): This is a powerful metaphor for abject defeat, complete humiliation, and total subjugation. In the ancient Near East, victorious conquerors would often place their foot on the necks or backs of defeated kings or enemies as a symbolic act of absolute triumph and degradation.
- for Your feet (τῶν ποδῶν σου - tōn podōn sou): Signifies ultimate dominion, authority, and control. To have enemies under one's feet demonstrates absolute mastery and the complete vanquishing of all opposition.
- "until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.": This complete phrase, directly quoted from Psalm 110:1, encapsulates the profound theological truth of Christ's present, active, and ever-advancing reign. Though He is seated at the right hand of God and fully victorious, the full and visible consummation of His universal reign, where all opposition is crushed and acknowledged, is a progressive reality that culminates at His second coming, demonstrating God's sovereign plan for Christ's ultimate glory.
Acts 2 35 Bonus section
Psalm 110:1 stands out as the most frequently quoted Old Testament verse in the New Testament concerning the Messiah, highlighting its paramount prophetic significance and how pivotal it was for early Christians to understand Jesus' true identity as Lord and King. Its widespread application by Christ Himself and the apostles underscore its authority in proving Jesus' claims to messiahship and divine status. The "enemies" referenced are not solely political or national foes of Israel but encompass all spiritual powers and rebellious forces that stand against God's ultimate plan, including Satan, sin, and death, which Christ ultimately subdues through His spiritual reign and coming triumph.
Acts 2 35 Commentary
Acts 2:35 solidifies the New Testament's understanding of Jesus' ongoing and ultimate kingship. Seated at the right hand of God, Christ already reigns supremely, exercising divine authority over all creation. The statement that God the Father will make Christ's enemies a footstool is not a deferred action, but a declaration of the inevitability and progress of His triumph. While the physical return of Christ will mark the full manifestation of this truth, the process of subjugation began with His resurrection and ascension, extending through the Holy Spirit's empowering presence in the Church. This verse offers immense comfort and assurance, confirming to believers Christ's unshakeable authority and ultimate victory over all opposing forces, spiritual or physical, guaranteeing His reign until every knee bows and every foe is vanquished, culminating in the abolition of death itself.