John 19 summary meaning ai explained commentary

John 19 meaning explained in AI Summary

Jesus endures a brutal scourging and mocking before being led to Calvary to be crucified. Pontius Pilate offers the crowd a chance to release Jesus, but they demand his crucifixion (John 19:1-16). The chapter details the physical pain and suffering Jesus endures on the cross (John 19:17-37). Before his death, Jesus entrusts his mother to the care of the disciple John and utters the cryptic phrase "It is finished" (John 19:28-30). A soldier pierces Jesus' side with a spear, confirming his death (John 19:34).

Chapter 19 of the Gospel of John details the final hours of Jesus' life, focusing on his crucifixion and death.

1. Condemnation and Mocking (1-15):

Pilate, after failing to find a reason to condemn Jesus, has him flogged.
Roman soldiers mock Jesus, placing a crown of thorns on his head and a purple robe on him, proclaiming him "King of the Jews."
Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd, again declaring him innocent, but the crowd, incited by the chief priests, demands his crucifixion.
Fearful of a riot and accusations against him, Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified.

2. The Crucifixion (16-24):

Jesus, carrying his own cross, is led away to Golgotha (the Place of the Skull) for crucifixion.
Soldiers crucify Jesus alongside two criminals.
Above his head, Pilate places a sign reading "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews" in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
Soldiers divide Jesus' clothes among themselves, casting lots for his seamless robe.

3. Jesus' Words from the Cross (25-30):

While on the cross, Jesus sees his mother Mary and the disciple whom he loved (John) standing nearby.
He entrusts the care of his mother to John and vice versa.
Jesus, knowing his mission is complete, says, "I am thirsty."
Soldiers offer him sour wine on a sponge.
After receiving the drink, Jesus declares, "It is finished," and breathes his last.

4. Events Following Jesus' Death (31-42):

To ensure a quick death before the Sabbath, soldiers break the legs of the two criminals crucified alongside Jesus.
Seeing Jesus was already dead, a soldier pierces his side with a spear, and blood and water flow out.
John emphasizes that these events fulfill Scripture.
Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple, asks Pilate for Jesus' body and prepares it for burial with Nicodemus' help.
They wrap Jesus' body in linen cloths with spices, according to Jewish burial customs, and lay him in a nearby tomb.

Themes:

Jesus as King: Despite the mockery and humiliation, John emphasizes Jesus' kingship throughout the crucifixion.
Fulfillment of Scripture: John highlights how Jesus' death fulfills Old Testament prophecies, emphasizing the divine plan.
Love and Compassion: Even in his suffering, Jesus shows love and care for his mother and the disciple John.
Sacrifice and Salvation: Jesus' death is presented as a sacrifice for the sins of humanity, paving the way for salvation.

John 19 is a powerful and emotional chapter that depicts the climax of Jesus' earthly ministry. It highlights his suffering, sacrifice, and ultimate victory over death, laying the foundation for the resurrection narrative that follows.

John 19 bible study ai commentary

John 19 portrays the sovereign execution of God's redemptive plan through the trial, crucifixion, and burial of Jesus Christ. Despite the human injustice and cruelty, the chapter emphasizes Jesus's divine authority, his fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy, and his identity as the true King and Passover Lamb. Every event, from Pilate's cynical pronouncements to the soldiers' casting of lots, is shown to be under the providential control of God, culminating in Jesus's victorious cry, "It is finished," signifying the complete accomplishment of salvation.

John 19 context

The events occur in Jerusalem during the festival of Passover, a highly charged religious and political time. Judea is under Roman occupation, ruled by the governor Pontius Pilate, whose primary goal is to maintain peace and prevent insurrection. The Jewish high court, the Sanhedrin, had authority in religious matters but lacked the Roman-reserved right of capital punishment (the ius gladii). This forces them to bring Jesus before Pilate, translating their charge of blasphemy into the Roman political charge of sedition—claiming to be a king in opposition to Caesar. John's account is written to a later audience, emphasizing the theological significance of these historical events, particularly how Jesus fulfills the types and prophecies of the Hebrew Scriptures.

John 19:1-3

Then Pilate took Jesus and flogged him. And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head and arrayed him in a purple robe. They came up to him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and struck him with their hands.

In-depth-analysis

Flogged (Greek: emastigōsen): Refers to the brutal Roman scourging with a flagrum, a whip with leather thongs embedded with bone or metal. It was a severe punishment that often preceded crucifixion and could be fatal on its own. Pilate likely hoped this horrific display would satisfy the crowd's bloodlust.
Ironic Coronation: The soldiers mock Jesus's kingship, but John presents it as an unintentional, prophetic enthronement.
- Crown of thorns: A parody of the radiate crown worn by Hellenistic rulers.
- Purple robe: A parody of the royal color, a symbol of imperial authority.
- "Hail, King of the Jews!": A parody of the salute to Caesar ("Ave, Caesar!").
This scene is a graphic fulfillment of the Suffering Servant prophecy.

Bible references

Isaiah 53:5: ‘…by his wounds we are healed.’ (Flogging's redemptive purpose).
Isaiah 50:6: ‘I gave my back to those who strike, and my cheeks to those who pull out the beard…’ (Willing submission to humiliation).
Mark 15:15-19 & Matthew 27:26-30: Parallel accounts of the scourging and mockery.

Cross references

Mic 5:1 (struck the judge of Israel), Ps 129:3 (plowers plowed my back).

John 19:4-7

Pilate went out again and said to them, “See, I am bringing him out to you that you may know that I find no guilt in him.” So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said to them, “Behold the man!” When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, “Crucify him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him, for I find no guilt in him.” The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die because he has made himself the Son of God.”

In-depth-analysis

"I find no guilt in him": Pilate's third declaration of Jesus's innocence (also in Jn 18:38; 19:6). This highlights the injustice of the verdict and underscores Jesus's perfection as the spotless sacrificial lamb.
"Behold the man!" (Latin: Ecce homo): Pilate's intent is to display a broken, pathetic figure not worthy of concern. Theologically, John presents him as the representative Man, the ultimate human, the Second Adam who stands in humanity's place.
Shifting Accusation: When political charges fail to move Pilate, the religious leaders reveal their true motivation: blasphemy. "He has made himself the Son of God." This was a capital crime under Jewish law.

Bible references

Isaiah 52:14: ‘…his appearance was so marred, beyond human semblance…’ (The physical state of the suffering servant).
Daniel 7:13: ‘…there came one like a son of man…’ (Jesus as the ultimate representative of humanity).
1 Peter 2:22: ‘He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth.’ (Jesus's sinless nature).

Cross references

Jn 1:14 (the Word became flesh), Jn 5:18 (making himself equal with God), Jn 10:33 (accused of blasphemy), Lev 24:16 (penalty for blasphemy).

John 19:8-11

When Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid. He entered his headquarters again and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer. So Pilate said to him, “You will not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to release you and authority to crucify you?” Jesus answered him, “You would have no authority over me at all unless it had been given you from above. Therefore he who delivered me over to you has the greater sin.”

In-depth-analysis

Pilate's Fear: The title "Son of God" terrified the superstitious Pilate. To a Roman, this could mean Jesus was a demigod, and harming such a being could bring divine retribution.
Jesus's Silence: Fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53:7. His silence is not one of weakness but of authority; He refuses to engage in Pilate's worldly power games.
Authority from Above: Jesus explicitly states that all human authority, including Pilate's power of life and death, is delegated by God. God is sovereign over these events.
"The Greater Sin": While Pilate is guilty, Jesus identifies the sin of Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin as greater. They acted not out of political expediency but out of religious jealousy and a direct rejection of their Messiah, despite having greater light and knowledge from God.

Bible references

Isaiah 53:7: ‘He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth…’ (The silent lamb before his shearers).
Romans 13:1: ‘For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God.’ (Divine institution of governing authority).
Daniel 4:34-35: ‘…his dominion is an everlasting dominion… he does according to his will… no one can stay his hand.’ (God's absolute sovereignty over earthly kings).

Cross references

Jn 3:27 (all gifts/authority from heaven), Jas 4:17 (sin of omission/knowing right).

John 19:12-16

From then on Pilate sought to release him, but the Jews cried out, “If you release this man, you are not Caesar's friend. Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.” ...So he delivered him over to them to be crucified.

In-depth-analysis

"Caesar's friend" (amicus Caesaris): A formal title for allies and provincial governors. To be deemed an enemy of Caesar was a death sentence for a governor like Pilate. This was the ultimate political blackmail.
Judgment Seat (bēma): The official place for rendering legal verdicts.
Stone Pavement (Lithostrōtos) / Gabbatha: John provides both the Greek and Aramaic names, grounding this universal event in a specific, historical location. Gabbatha means "elevated place."
The Day of Preparation of the Passover: John highlights the exact timing. At the sixth hour (around noon), the Passover lambs were being ritually slaughtered in the Temple. At this precise moment, Pilate hands over Jesus, the true Passover Lamb.
"Behold your King!": Pilate's final, sarcastic mockery of the Jews becomes a profound proclamation of truth for John's readers. They reject their king, crying out, "We have no king but Caesar"—a stunning statement of apostasy for Jews, who professed God as their only true king.

Bible references

1 Corinthians 5:7: ‘For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.’ (Jesus as the fulfillment of the Passover sacrifice).
Exodus 12:6: ‘…the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs at twilight.’ (The prescribed time for the Passover sacrifice).
1 Samuel 8:7: ‘…they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them.’ (Israel's historic rejection of God's kingship).

Cross references

Gen 49:10 (the scepter shall not depart from Judah), Acts 17:7 (accusation of another king).

John 19:17-22

…and he went out, bearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha. There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” ...it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek.

In-depth-analysis

Bearing his own cross: A condemned man typically carried the crossbeam (patibulum) to the execution site. John presents this as Jesus carrying the instrument of our salvation.
Golgotha: Aramaic for "skull." The name's origin is debated (perhaps due to the hill's shape or its use for executions).
Crucified Between Two Others: This fulfills the prophecy of being "numbered with the transgressors." Jesus is positioned centrally, emphasizing his importance even in humiliation.
The Inscription (Latin: titulus): Pilate's official statement of the crime. By writing it in Hebrew (the language of religion/scripture), Latin (the language of law/empire), and Greek (the language of commerce/culture), Pilate unwittingly proclaims Jesus's kingship to the entire known world. His refusal to change it ("What I have written, I have written") shows a final assertion of his authority over the Jewish leaders, but providentially ensures the proclamation stands.

Bible references

Isaiah 53:12: ‘…he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors…’ (Fulfillment of prophecy).
Genesis 22:6: ‘Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son.’ (Typology of the son carrying the wood for his own sacrifice).
Colossians 2:14: ‘…by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross.’ (The titulus as a type of the cancelled debt).

Cross references

Lev 16:21-22 (scapegoat carrying sins), Heb 13:12 (suffered outside the gate), Lk 23:38, Mk 15:26, Mt 27:37 (inscription parallels).

John 19:23-24

When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” This was to fulfill the Scripture which says, “They divided my garments among them, and for my tunic they cast lots.”

In-depth-analysis

Dividing Garments: This was a customary perk for the execution squad.
Seamless Tunic (chitōn): This detail is unique to John. The high priest's tunic was described as being woven in one piece (cf. Josephus, Antiquities 3.7.4). This detail powerfully suggests that Jesus is the true and final High Priest, offering himself as the ultimate sacrifice.
Fulfillment of Scripture: John explicitly quotes Psalm 22:18, showing that this seemingly minor act by Roman soldiers was prophesied centuries earlier, demonstrating God's meticulous control over the event.

Bible references

Psalm 22:18: ‘they divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots.’ (Direct prophetic fulfillment).
Exodus 28:31-32: ‘You shall make the robe of the ephod all of blue… it shall have a binding of woven work around its opening, like the opening of a garment, so that it may not be torn.’ (Possible connection to High Priestly garments).

Cross references

Lev 16:4, 32 (high priest's holy linen garments).

John 19:25-27

…but standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son!” Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her to his own home.

In-depth-analysis

Devoted Women: In contrast to the disciples who fled (except John), these women show immense courage and love, remaining with Jesus to the end.
"Woman": Not a term of disrespect, but the same formal address Jesus used at the wedding in Cana (Jn 2:4). Here, it signifies a shift in their relationship. He is no longer just her son, but her Savior.
The New Family: Jesus establishes a new, spiritual family based on faith in him. He entrusts his mother's care to the beloved disciple, creating a new relationship not of blood, but of discipleship. This act fulfills his filial duty while also creating the new community of the church in embryo.

Bible references

Luke 2:35: ‘(and a sword will pierce through your own soul also), so that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed.’ (Simeon's prophecy to Mary now reaching its painful climax).
Mark 3:33-35: ‘“Who are my mother and my brothers?”...“Here are my mother and my brothers! For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother.”’ (Jesus defining his true family).

Cross references

Jn 13:23 (the beloved disciple), Jn 1:12-13 (becoming children of God by faith).

John 19:28-30

After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), “I thirst.” A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.

In-depth-analysis

Knowing All Was Finished: Highlights Jesus's full consciousness and control. His work is done.
"I thirst": A statement of intense physical suffering, but also stated to be a direct fulfillment of Scripture (Ps 22:15, 69:21).
Hyssop Branch: This detail is significant. Hyssop was used to daub the blood of the Passover lamb on the doorposts (Ex 12:22) and in purification rituals (Lev 14:6-7). Its presence here again links Jesus to the Passover lamb and to cleansing from sin.
"It is finished" (Greek: Tetelestai): This is the chapter's climax. It is a cry of victory, not defeat. This single Greek word means "paid in full," a common phrase written on commercial documents when a debt was cleared. Jesus declares that the entire work of redemption required by the Father is now accomplished.
Gave Up His Spirit: He is in control to the very end. He does not simply die; He actively lays down His life, willingly handing His spirit over to the Father.

Bible references

Psalm 69:21: ‘They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink.’ (Fulfillment of prophecy).
Exodus 12:22: ‘Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood... and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood.’ (Link to the Passover Lamb).
Psalm 22:15: ‘my strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to my jaws…’ (Prophecy of physical suffering).

Cross references

Jn 10:18 (I lay down my life), Jn 4:34 (my food is to do the will of Him who sent me).

John 19:31-37

Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. ...but when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water. ...For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: “Not one of his bones will be broken.” And again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced.”

In-depth-analysis

Day of Preparation / High Day Sabbath: This Sabbath was particularly holy because it coincided with the Passover festival. Jewish law prohibited bodies from remaining exposed overnight, especially on a Sabbath.
Legs Broken (crurifragium): This hastened death on the cross by causing rapid asphyxiation.
"Not one of his bones will be broken": John sees this as fulfilling the law for the Passover lamb (Ex 12:46; Num 9:12), confirming Jesus's identity. It also fulfills the promise about the righteous sufferer in Psalm 34:20.
"They will look on him whom they have pierced": A quotation from Zechariah 12:10. John, the eyewitness, sees this prophesied event happening before his eyes.
Blood and Water: The eyewitness testimony of this is emphatic. Medically, this can be explained as the separation of red blood cells and pericardial fluid from a ruptured heart. Theologically, it is immensely significant.
- Blood: Represents atonement and life poured out for the forgiveness of sins (Lev 17:11).
- Water: Represents spiritual cleansing, regeneration, and the gift of the Holy Spirit (Jn 3:5; 7:37-39).
- From Jesus's side flow the very elements of salvation that establish the new covenant.

Bible references

Exodus 12:46: ‘...you shall not break any of its bones.’ (Direct fulfillment of the Passover lamb law).
Zechariah 12:10: ‘...they look on me, on him whom they have pierced...’ (Direct fulfillment of messianic prophecy).
Psalm 34:20: ‘He keeps all his bones; not one of them is broken.’ (Prophetic promise for the righteous).

Cross references

Deut 21:23 (cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree), 1 Jn 5:6-8 (came by water and blood).

John 19:38-42

After these things Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus... Nicodemus also, who earlier had come to Jesus by night, came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds in weight. So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. So because of the Jewish day of Preparation, since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.

In-depth-analysis

Joseph and Nicodemus: Two prominent, wealthy members of the Sanhedrin, who were secret disciples, now courageously come forward. Their fear is overcome by the event of the cross. The ones who should have been His enemies give Him an honorable burial.
Vast quantity of spices: Seventy-five pounds (litras) is a staggering amount, a quantity fit for a royal burial. This act demonstrates their deep love and honor for Jesus, treating him as a king even in death.
In a Garden: John intentionally includes this detail. The first Adam's sin took place in a garden (Genesis 3), leading to death. The Second Adam begins His conquest over death in a garden tomb, which will lead to eternal life.
New Tomb: This ensures there can be no confusion about who was resurrected. There were no other bodies in the tomb.
Fulfillment of Prophecy: This honorable burial fulfills Isaiah 53:9, "and he was with a rich man in his death."

Bible references

Isaiah 53:9: ‘They made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death…’ (Fulfillment of prophecy).
John 3:1-2: ‘Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus... This man came to Jesus by night.’ (Nicodemus's journey from darkness to light is now complete).
John 7:50-51: Nicodemus attempts a timid defense of Jesus before the council.

Cross references

Lk 23:50-56, Mk 15:42-47, Mt 27:57-61 (parallel burial accounts), 2 Chr 16:14 (royal burial with spices for King Asa).

John chapter 19 analysis

The Irony of Kingship: A central theme is Jesus's enthronement through suffering. The world's symbols of power (robes, crowns, titles) are used to mock Him, but John's Gospel reveals them as proclaiming the ultimate truth of His divine Kingship.
Sovereign Control vs. Human Agency: The chapter masterfully holds two truths in tension. Humans (Pilate, soldiers, Jewish leaders) make choices based on their own motives (fear, greed, jealousy). Yet every major action is shown to be a fulfillment of Scripture, demonstrating that God is orchestrating every detail for His redemptive purpose. Jesus is not a passive victim; he is a priest offering himself, a king going to his throne, a lamb going to the slaughter purposefully.
John as Eyewitness: John repeatedly emphasizes firsthand testimony ("we have seen," v. 35), especially for the crucial theological events like the pierced side and the blood and water. This is not just a story, but a certified account of redemptive history.
The Completion of OT Types: John weaves a tapestry of fulfilled symbols:
- The Passover Lamb: Slain at the correct time, no broken bones.
- The High Priest: With a seamless tunic, offering Himself.
- The Serpent in the Wilderness: "Lifted up" for all to look upon and live (cf. Jn 3:14).
- The Suffering Servant: Fulfilling Isaiah 53 in detail.
The Beginning of the Church: The commissioning of John and Mary as son and mother forms the first cell of the new covenant family. The "blood and water" flowing from Jesus's side symbolize the two foundational sacraments of the Church: Baptism (water/cleansing) and the Eucharist/Lord's Supper (blood/atonement).

John 19 summary

In His trial before Pilate, Jesus is declared innocent yet condemned due to political pressure, all while asserting His divine authority. He is mockingly crowned and hailed as "King of the Jews," a title Pilate then formally places on the cross in the major languages of the world. On the cross, Jesus fulfills multiple specific Old Testament prophecies, creates a new spiritual family, and accomplishes redemption with the victorious cry, "It is finished." The piercing of his side, yielding blood and water, and the fulfillment of Passover laws in his unbroken bones, are witnessed and recorded as proof of His identity. Finally, two high-ranking but formerly secret disciples give Him a royal burial, fulfilling prophecy and setting the stage for the resurrection.

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John chapter 19 kjv

¹ Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
² And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe,
³ And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.
⁴ Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
⁵ Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man!
⁶ When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him.
⁷ The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
⁸ When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;
⁹ And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
¹⁰ Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?
¹¹ Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.
¹² And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar's friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.
¹³ When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.
¹⁴ And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!
¹⁵ But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.
¹⁶ Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.
¹⁷ And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
¹⁸ Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
¹⁹ And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.
²⁰ This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
²¹ Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
²² Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
²³ Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.
²⁴ They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.
²⁵ Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
²⁶ When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
²⁷ Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
²⁸ After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
²⁹ Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.
³⁰ When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
³¹ The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
³² Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.
³³ But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:
³⁴ But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.
³⁵ And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.
³⁶ For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
³⁷ And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
³⁸ And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
³⁹ And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.
⁴⁰ Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.
⁴¹ Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.
⁴² There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.

John chapter 19 nkjv

¹ So then Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him.
² And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe.
³ Then they said, "Hail, King of the Jews!" And they struck Him with their hands.
⁴ Pilate then went out again, and said to them, "Behold, I am bringing Him out to you, that you may know that I find no fault in Him."
⁵ Then Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said to them, "Behold the Man!"
⁶ Therefore, when the chief priests and officers saw Him, they cried out, saying, "Crucify Him, crucify Him!" Pilate said to them, "You take Him and crucify Him, for I find no fault in Him."
⁷ The Jews answered him, "We have a law, and according to our law He ought to die, because He made Himself the Son of God."
⁸ Therefore, when Pilate heard that saying, he was the more afraid,
⁹ and went again into the Praetorium, and said to Jesus, "Where are You from?" But Jesus gave him no answer.
¹⁰ Then Pilate said to Him, "Are You not speaking to me? Do You not know that I have power to crucify You, and power to release You?"
¹¹ Jesus answered, "You could have no power at all against Me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore the one who delivered Me to you has the greater sin."
¹² From then on Pilate sought to release Him, but the Jews cried out, saying, "If you let this Man go, you are not Caesar's friend. Whoever makes himself a king speaks against Caesar."
¹³ When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus out and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.
¹⁴ Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, "Behold your King!"
¹⁵ But they cried out, "Away with Him, away with Him! Crucify Him!" Pilate said to them, "Shall I crucify your King?" The chief priests answered, "We have no king but Caesar!"
¹⁶ Then he delivered Him to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus and led Him away.
¹⁷ And He, bearing His cross, went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha,
¹⁸ where they crucified Him, and two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center.
¹⁹ Now Pilate wrote a title and put it on the cross. And the writing was: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
²⁰ Then many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
²¹ Therefore the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write, 'The King of the Jews,' but, 'He said, "I am the King of the Jews." ' "
²² Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
²³ Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His garments and made four parts, to each soldier a part, and also the tunic. Now the tunic was without seam, woven from the top in one piece.
²⁴ They said therefore among themselves, "Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be," that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says: "They divided My garments among them, And for My clothing they cast lots." Therefore the soldiers did these things.
²⁵ Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
²⁶ When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and the disciple whom He loved standing by, He said to His mother, "Woman, behold your son!"
²⁷ Then He said to the disciple, "Behold your mother!" And from that hour that disciple took her to his own home.
²⁸ After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, "I thirst!"
²⁹ Now a vessel full of sour wine was sitting there; and they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on hyssop, and put it to His mouth.
³⁰ So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, "It is finished!" And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit.
³¹ Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
³² Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with Him.
³³ But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.
³⁴ But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
³⁵ And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you may believe.
³⁶ For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, "Not one of His bones shall be broken."
³⁷ And again another Scripture says, "They shall look on Him whom they pierced."
³⁸ After this, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took the body of Jesus.
³⁹ And Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds.
⁴⁰ Then they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in strips of linen with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.
⁴¹ Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
⁴² So there they laid Jesus, because of the Jews' Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby.

John chapter 19 niv

¹ Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged.
² The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head. They clothed him in a purple robe
³ and went up to him again and again, saying, "Hail, king of the Jews!" And they slapped him in the face.
⁴ Once more Pilate came out and said to the Jews gathered there, "Look, I am bringing him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against him."
⁵ When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, "Here is the man!"
⁶ As soon as the chief priests and their officials saw him, they shouted, "Crucify! Crucify!" But Pilate answered, "You take him and crucify him. As for me, I find no basis for a charge against him."
⁷ The Jewish leaders insisted, "We have a law, and according to that law he must die, because he claimed to be the Son of God."
⁸ When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid,
⁹ and he went back inside the palace. "Where do you come from?" he asked Jesus, but Jesus gave him no answer.
¹⁰ "Do you refuse to speak to me?" Pilate said. "Don't you realize I have power either to free you or to crucify you?"
¹¹ Jesus answered, "You would have no power over me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of a greater sin."
¹² From then on, Pilate tried to set Jesus free, but the Jewish leaders kept shouting, "If you let this man go, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who claims to be a king opposes Caesar."
¹³ When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judge's seat at a place known as the Stone Pavement (which in Aramaic is Gabbatha).
¹⁴ It was the day of Preparation of the Passover; it was about noon. "Here is your king," Pilate said to the Jews.
¹⁵ But they shouted, "Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him!" "Shall I crucify your king?" Pilate asked. "We have no king but Caesar," the chief priests answered.
¹⁶ Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. So the soldiers took charge of Jesus.
¹⁷ Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which in Aramaic is called Golgotha).
¹⁸ There they crucified him, and with him two others?one on each side and Jesus in the middle.
¹⁹ Pilate had a notice prepared and fastened to the cross. It read: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
²⁰ Many of the Jews read this sign, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin and Greek.
²¹ The chief priests of the Jews protested to Pilate, "Do not write 'The King of the Jews,' but that this man claimed to be king of the Jews."
²² Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
²³ When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes, dividing them into four shares, one for each of them, with the undergarment remaining. This garment was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
²⁴ "Let's not tear it," they said to one another. "Let's decide by lot who will get it." This happened that the scripture might be fulfilled that said, "They divided my clothes among them and cast lots for my garment." So this is what the soldiers did.
²⁵ Near the cross of Jesus stood his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
²⁶ When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, "Woman, here is your son,"
²⁷ and to the disciple, "Here is your mother." From that time on, this disciple took her into his home.
²⁸ Later, knowing that everything had now been finished, and so that Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I am thirsty."
²⁹ A jar of wine vinegar was there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put the sponge on a stalk of the hyssop plant, and lifted it to Jesus' lips.
³⁰ When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
³¹ Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jewish leaders did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down.
³² The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other.
³³ But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.
³⁴ Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, bringing a sudden flow of blood and water.
³⁵ The man who saw it has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe.
³⁶ These things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken,"
³⁷ and, as another scripture says, "They will look on the one they have pierced."
³⁸ Later, Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for the body of Jesus. Now Joseph was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly because he feared the Jewish leaders. With Pilate's permission, he came and took the body away.
³⁹ He was accompanied by Nicodemus, the man who earlier had visited Jesus at night. Nicodemus brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.
⁴⁰ Taking Jesus' body, the two of them wrapped it, with the spices, in strips of linen. This was in accordance with Jewish burial customs.
⁴¹ At the place where Jesus was crucified, there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had ever been laid.
⁴² Because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.

John chapter 19 esv

¹ Then Pilate took Jesus and flogged him.
² And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head and arrayed him in a purple robe.
³ They came up to him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!" and struck him with their hands.
⁴ Pilate went out again and said to them, "See, I am bringing him out to you that you may know that I find no guilt in him."
⁵ So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said to them, "Behold the man!"
⁶ When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, "Crucify him, crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Take him yourselves and crucify him, for I find no guilt in him."
⁷ The Jews answered him, "We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die because he has made himself the Son of God."
⁸ When Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid.
⁹ He entered his headquarters again and said to Jesus, "Where are you from?" But Jesus gave him no answer.
¹⁰ So Pilate said to him, "You will not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to release you and authority to crucify you?"
¹¹ Jesus answered him, "You would have no authority over me at all unless it had been given you from above. Therefore he who delivered me over to you has the greater sin."
¹² From then on Pilate sought to release him, but the Jews cried out, "If you release this man, you are not Caesar's friend. Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar."
¹³ So when Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called The Stone Pavement, and in Aramaic Gabbatha.
¹⁴ Now it was the day of Preparation of the Passover. It was about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, "Behold your King!"
¹⁵ They cried out, "Away with him, away with him, crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Shall I crucify your King?" The chief priests answered, "We have no king but Caesar."
¹⁶ So he delivered him over to them to be crucified. The Crucifixion So they took Jesus,
¹⁷ and he went out, bearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha.
¹⁸ There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them.
¹⁹ Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews."
²⁰ Many of the Jews read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek.
²¹ So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write, 'The King of the Jews,' but rather, 'This man said, I am King of the Jews.'"
²² Pilate answered, "What I have written I have written."
²³ When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom,
²⁴ so they said to one another, "Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be." This was to fulfill the Scripture which says, "They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots." So the soldiers did these things,
²⁵ but standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
²⁶ When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, "Woman, behold, your son!"
²⁷ Then he said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother!" And from that hour the disciple took her to his own home.
²⁸ After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), "I thirst."
²⁹ A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth.
³⁰ When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, "It is finished," and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
³¹ Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away.
³² So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with him.
³³ But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.
³⁴ But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water.
³⁵ He who saw it has borne witness ? his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth ? that you also may believe.
³⁶ For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken."
³⁷ And again another Scripture says, "They will look on him whom they have pierced."
³⁸ After these things Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus, and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took away his body.
³⁹ Nicodemus also, who earlier had come to Jesus by night, came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds in weight.
⁴⁰ So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews.
⁴¹ Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
⁴² So because of the Jewish day of Preparation, since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.

John chapter 19 nlt

¹ Then Pilate had Jesus flogged with a lead-tipped whip.
² The soldiers wove a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and they put a purple robe on him.
³ "Hail! King of the Jews!" they mocked, as they slapped him across the face.
⁴ Pilate went outside again and said to the people, "I am going to bring him out to you now, but understand clearly that I find him not guilty."
⁵ Then Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said, "Look, here is the man!"
⁶ When they saw him, the leading priests and Temple guards began shouting, "Crucify him! Crucify him!" "Take him yourselves and crucify him," Pilate said. "I find him not guilty."
⁷ The Jewish leaders replied, "By our law he ought to die because he called himself the Son of God."
⁸ When Pilate heard this, he was more frightened than ever.
⁹ He took Jesus back into the headquarters again and asked him, "Where are you from?" But Jesus gave no answer.
¹⁰ "Why don't you talk to me?" Pilate demanded. "Don't you realize that I have the power to release you or crucify you?"
¹¹ Then Jesus said, "You would have no power over me at all unless it were given to you from above. So the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin."
¹² Then Pilate tried to release him, but the Jewish leaders shouted, "If you release this man, you are no 'friend of Caesar.' Anyone who declares himself a king is a rebel against Caesar."
¹³ When they said this, Pilate brought Jesus out to them again. Then Pilate sat down on the judgment seat on the platform that is called the Stone Pavement (in Hebrew, Gabbatha).
¹⁴ It was now about noon on the day of preparation for the Passover. And Pilate said to the people, "Look, here is your king!"
¹⁵ "Away with him," they yelled. "Away with him! Crucify him!" "What? Crucify your king?" Pilate asked. "We have no king but Caesar," the leading priests shouted back.
¹⁶ Then Pilate turned Jesus over to them to be crucified. The Crucifixion So they took Jesus away.
¹⁷ Carrying the cross by himself, he went to the place called Place of the Skull (in Hebrew, Golgotha).
¹⁸ There they nailed him to the cross. Two others were crucified with him, one on either side, with Jesus between them.
¹⁹ And Pilate posted a sign on the cross that read, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews."
²⁰ The place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, so that many people could read it.
²¹ Then the leading priests objected and said to Pilate, "Change it from 'The King of the Jews' to 'He said, I am King of the Jews.'"
²² Pilate replied, "No, what I have written, I have written."
²³ When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided his clothes among the four of them. They also took his robe, but it was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
²⁴ So they said, "Rather than tearing it apart, let's throw dice for it." This fulfilled the Scripture that says, "They divided my garments among themselves and threw dice for my clothing." So that is what they did.
²⁵ Standing near the cross were Jesus' mother, and his mother's sister, Mary (the wife of Clopas), and Mary Magdalene.
²⁶ When Jesus saw his mother standing there beside the disciple he loved, he said to her, "Dear woman, here is your son."
²⁷ And he said to this disciple, "Here is your mother." And from then on this disciple took her into his home.
²⁸ Jesus knew that his mission was now finished, and to fulfill Scripture he said, "I am thirsty."
²⁹ A jar of sour wine was sitting there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put it on a hyssop branch, and held it up to his lips.
³⁰ When Jesus had tasted it, he said, "It is finished!" Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
³¹ It was the day of preparation, and the Jewish leaders didn't want the bodies hanging there the next day, which was the Sabbath (and a very special Sabbath, because it was Passover week). So they asked Pilate to hasten their deaths by ordering that their legs be broken. Then their bodies could be taken down.
³² So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two men crucified with Jesus.
³³ But when they came to Jesus, they saw that he was already dead, so they didn't break his legs.
³⁴ One of the soldiers, however, pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out.
³⁵ (This report is from an eyewitness giving an accurate account. He speaks the truth so that you also may continue to believe. )
³⁶ These things happened in fulfillment of the Scriptures that say, "Not one of his bones will be broken,"
³⁷ and "They will look on the one they pierced."
³⁸ Afterward Joseph of Arimathea, who had been a secret disciple of Jesus (because he feared the Jewish leaders), asked Pilate for permission to take down Jesus' body. When Pilate gave permission, Joseph came and took the body away.
³⁹ With him came Nicodemus, the man who had come to Jesus at night. He brought about seventy-five pounds of perfumed ointment made from myrrh and aloes.
⁴⁰ Following Jewish burial custom, they wrapped Jesus' body with the spices in long sheets of linen cloth.
⁴¹ The place of crucifixion was near a garden, where there was a new tomb, never used before.
⁴² And so, because it was the day of preparation for the Jewish Passover and since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.