Leviticus 23 summary meaning ai explained commentary

Leviticus 23 meaning explained in AI Summary

Appointed Feasts of the Lord

Annual Cycle of Worship: This chapter establishes a set of annual feasts that the Israelites were to observe as designated holy days. These feasts provided a framework for the Israelite religious calendar and connected them to their agricultural cycle and historical events.
Passover, Unleavened Bread, and Firstfruits: The chapter details the observance of Passover, a celebration of their liberation from Egypt, followed by the Feast of Unleavened Bread. It also mentions the offering of the firstfruits of the barley harvest.
Festival of Weeks (Shavuot): The chapter describes the Festival of Weeks (Shavuot), a celebration marking the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai. It also coincided with the wheat harvest.

Leviticus 23 outlines the calendar of sacred feasts and festivals for the Israelites, emphasizing their importance in worshipping God and acknowledging His provision.

of the chapter:

1. The Sabbath (v. 1-3): The chapter begins by reaffirming the Sabbath as a holy day of rest, consecrated to the Lord.

2. The Feasts of the Lord (v. 4-44): The chapter then details seven annual feasts, categorized into two groups:

a) Feasts linked to the agricultural cycle and the Promised Land:

* Passover & Feast of Unleavened Bread (v. 4-8): Commemorating the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt, this feast involves sacrificing a lamb and eating unleavened bread for seven days.

* Feast of Firstfruits (v. 9-14): Celebrated after Passover, this feast involves offering the first harvest of barley to the Lord as a gesture of gratitude.

* Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (v. 15-22): Occurring 50 days after Passover, this joyous feast celebrates the wheat harvest and involves offering two loaves of bread made from the new grain.

b) Feasts focused on spiritual reflection and atonement:

* Feast of Trumpets (v. 23-25): This one-day feast marks the beginning of the seventh month, a time for solemn assembly and blowing trumpets.

* Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) (v. 26-32): The most solemn day, dedicated to seeking atonement for sins through fasting, repentance, and special sacrifices.

* Feast of Tabernacles/Booths (v. 33-43): A joyful seven-day feast commemorating the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, celebrated by dwelling in temporary shelters (booths) and rejoicing before the Lord.

3. Conclusion (v. 44): The chapter concludes by reiterating that these feasts are the Lord's feasts, given to Moses for the Israelites to observe throughout their generations.

Key Themes:

God's Sovereignty: The feasts are established by God, highlighting His authority over time and seasons.
Covenant Relationship: The feasts serve as reminders of God's covenant with Israel, His faithfulness in deliverance, and His ongoing provision.
Holiness & Worship: The feasts emphasize the importance of setting aside time for God, acknowledging His holiness, and offering Him worship and gratitude.
Atonement & Forgiveness: The Day of Atonement highlights the need for atonement and God's provision for forgiveness.
Joy & Celebration: Many feasts, particularly those linked to harvest, are characterized by joy, feasting, and celebrating God's goodness.

Leviticus 23 provides a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Israelite worship, emphasizing the importance of remembering God's acts and living in covenant relationship with Him.

Leviticus 23 bible study ai commentary

Leviticus 23 outlines the sacred calendar of Israel's appointed times, given by God. These seven annual feasts, anchored by the weekly Sabbath, structure the nation's life around remembrance of God's redemptive acts and anticipation of His future work. They are holy convocations that function as divine appointments, weaving together Israel's agricultural cycle with salvation history. These feasts are not merely rituals but prophetic types and shadows that find their ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

Leviticus 23 context

The instructions for the feasts were given to Israel at Mount Sinai after their exodus from Egypt. This context is crucial as the feasts primarily commemorate God's deliverance and provision. The calendar is tied to the agricultural seasons of the Levant (Canaan), a direct polemic against the nature and fertility gods of the surrounding cultures (like Baal). Instead of performing rituals to manipulate the gods for a good harvest, Israel's feasts acknowledged that Yahweh alone is the sovereign Lord of creation, time, and history who provides for His people.

Leviticus 23:1-2

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, These are the appointed feasts of the LORD that you shall proclaim as holy convocations; they are my appointed feasts."

In-depth-analysis

"My appointed feasts": The Hebrew term is mo'edim (מוֹעֲדִים), meaning "appointed times" or "set appointments." This emphasizes they are God's initiative and schedule, not man's. He is inviting His people to meet with Him.
"Holy convocations": Miqra'ey qodesh (מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ). Miqra means a "proclamation" or "rehearsal." These were not just gatherings but public proclamations and liturgical rehearsals of God's redemptive work.

Bible references

Exodus 34:18-23: '...Three times in the year shall all your males appear before the LORD God, the God of Israel.' (An earlier command for pilgrimage feasts).
Colossians 2:16-17: 'Therefore let no one pass judgment on you... with regard to a festival... These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.' (Defines the feasts as prophetic shadows).

Cross references

Deu 16:16 (Command for pilgrimage), Neh 8:2,8 (Public reading on feast days), Isa 1:13-14 (God's rejection of empty ritual).

Leviticus 23:3

“Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwellings.”

In-depth-analysis

The chapter begins with the weekly Sabbath, establishing it as the foundational "appointed time" from which all others gain context. It is the primary sign of the covenant.
"Sabbath of solemn rest": Shabbat shabbaton (שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן). An intensified phrase meaning a "Sabbath of Sabbaths," indicating absolute cessation from labor.
"In all your dwellings": Unlike the pilgrimage feasts centered at the Tabernacle/Temple, the Sabbath's holiness was observed in every home throughout the land.

Bible references

Genesis 2:2-3: 'And on the seventh day God finished his work that he had done... So God blessed the seventh day and made it holy...' (Establishes the creation pattern for rest).
Exodus 20:8-11: 'Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy...' (The Fourth Commandment, grounding it in both creation and redemption).
Hebrews 4:9-10: 'So then, there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God, for whoever has entered God's rest has also rested from his works as God did from his.' (The Sabbath finds its ultimate fulfillment in the spiritual rest of salvation in Christ).

Cross references

Deu 5:12-15 (Sabbath as a memorial of Egyptian slavery), Isa 58:13-14 (The blessing of delighting in the Sabbath), Matt 12:8 (Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath).

Leviticus 23:4-8

"These are the appointed feasts... In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight, is the LORD's Passover. And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread..."

In-depth-analysis

Passover (Pesach): Commemorates the deliverance from the tenth plague in Egypt, where the blood of the lamb on the doorpost caused the Angel of Death to "pass over" Israelite homes. It involves eating a specific meal of lamb, unleavened bread, and bitter herbs. It occurred on a single evening, Nisan 14.
Feast of Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot): Immediately follows Passover, lasting seven days. It required removing all leaven (chametz), which biblically symbolizes sin, pride, and corruption, from the home and eating unleavened bread (matzah).
These first two feasts are intricately linked and often spoken of as one event in the Gospels.

Bible references

Exodus 12:11-14: '...It is the LORD's Passover. For I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn...' (The original institution of Passover).
1 Corinthians 5:7: 'Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.' (Explicitly identifies Christ as the fulfillment of the Passover lamb).
John 1:29: 'The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!"' (John the Baptist identifies Jesus with the Passover sacrifice).

Cross references

Lk 22:15-16 (Jesus' desire to eat this specific Passover), Deu 16:1-8 (Instructions for the feasts), Jn 19:14 (Jesus' crucifixion on the day of preparation for Passover).

Leviticus 23:9-14

"When you come into the land that I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest... And you shall wave the sheaf before the LORD..."

In-depth-analysis

Feast of Firstfruits (Bikkurim): Occurs "on the day after the Sabbath" during the week of Unleavened Bread. It marked the beginning of the barley harvest.
A sheaf (omer) of the first-cut barley was waved by the priest before the Lord, acknowledging Him as the source of the harvest and dedicating it to Him.
No new grain could be eaten until this offering was made, demonstrating total dependence on God.
Prophetically, this points to Christ's resurrection.

Bible references

1 Corinthians 15:20-23: 'But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep... Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ.' (Explicitly identifies Christ's resurrection as the fulfillment of Firstfruits, guaranteeing the future resurrection of believers).
James 1:18: '...he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.' (Applies the "firstfruits" imagery to believers).

Cross references

Ex 23:19 (Command to bring firstfruits), Pro 3:9-10 (Honor the Lord with the firstfruits of your produce), Rev 14:4 (The 144,000 are called firstfruits to God).

Leviticus 23:15-22

"You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath... You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath. Then you shall present a new grain offering to the LORD... On that very day you shall proclaim a holy convocation..."

In-depth-analysis

Feast of Weeks / Pentecost (Shavuot): The name "Pentecost" is Greek for "fiftieth," referring to the 50-day count from Firstfruits. It marked the end of the barley harvest and the beginning of the wheat harvest.
Uniquely, the offering was two leavened loaves of bread. This is significant because leaven typically symbolizes sin. Scholars suggest this may represent the inclusion of both Jews and Gentiles (two loaves) into one body, the Church, which is righteous in Christ yet still imperfect (leavened) in practice.
Verse 22: A repetition of the law to leave the gleanings of the harvest for the poor and the sojourner (Lev 19:9-10). Its placement here powerfully links God's provision with the community's responsibility for the vulnerable.

Bible references

Acts 2:1-4: 'When the day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place. And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a mighty rushing wind... And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit...' (The fulfillment of Pentecost with the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the birth of the Church).
Ruth 2:23: 'So she kept close to the young women of Boaz, gleaning until the end of the barley and wheat harvests...' (Narrative illustration of the gleaning laws commanded in v. 22).

Cross references

Ex 34:22 (The Feast of Harvest/Weeks), Deu 16:9-12 (Instructions for the feast), Joel 2:28-29 (Prophecy of the Spirit's outpouring).

Leviticus 23:23-25

"In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation."

In-depth-analysis

Feast of Trumpets (Yom Teruah): The first of the three fall feasts, occurring in the seventh month (Tishri).
Teruah means a great shout or a blast, specifically from a shofar (ram's horn).
The purpose is not explicitly stated, other than being a "memorial" and a "solemn rest." Jewish tradition views it as a day of judgment and a call to repentance in preparation for the Day of Atonement.
Prophetically, it points to the future gathering of Israel and the Rapture of the Church.

Bible references

1 Thessalonians 4:16-17: 'For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first.' (The trumpet blast announcing Christ's return for His people).
1 Corinthians 15:52: '...in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable...' (Connects the final trumpet to the resurrection of believers).
Matthew 24:31: 'And he will send out his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds...' (Jesus speaking of the end-times gathering).

Cross references

Num 10:9-10 (Use of trumpets for assembly and war), Joel 2:1 (Sounding the shofar in Zion to signal the day of the Lord), Psa 81:3 (Blowing the trumpet at the new moon).

Leviticus 23:26-32

"Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall afflict yourselves... For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you..."

In-depth-analysis

Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur): The most solemn day of the year. The details are expounded in Leviticus 16.
"Afflict yourselves": Traditionally understood as fasting. This reflects national repentance and sorrow for sin. It's the only fast commanded by God in the Torah.
It was the one day the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the sins of the entire nation, foreshadowing Christ's ultimate, once-for-all sacrifice.
This feast has a future prophetic aspect, pointing to the day of Israel's national repentance and acceptance of their Messiah.

Bible references

Hebrews 9:7, 11-12: 'but into the second only the high priest goes... But when Christ appeared... he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption.' (Explains how Christ's priestly work is the perfect fulfillment of the Day of Atonement).
Leviticus 16:29-34: Provides the detailed ritual instructions for the Day of Atonement, including the two goats.
Zechariah 12:10: '...they will look on me, on him whom they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child...' (Prophecy of Israel's future repentance).

Cross references

Rom 11:25-27 (Israel's future salvation), Act 27:9 ("the Fast" as a known time marker).

Leviticus 23:33-43

"On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Tabernacles to the LORD... You shall dwell in booths for seven days... that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt..."

In-depth-analysis

Feast of Tabernacles / Booths (Sukkot): A joyous, week-long festival celebrating the final harvest of the year (grapes, olives). It is also called the "Feast of Ingathering."
Israelites were to build and live in temporary shelters (sukkot) to remember their 40 years of wandering in the wilderness, where God provided for and "dwelt" among them.
Prophetically, it looks forward to the Millennial Kingdom when God will once again "tabernacle" with humanity in a restored creation. It represents the ultimate rest and joy of dwelling in God's presence.
"The eighth day" (v. 36, 39): A special day of solemn assembly following the seven days, prophetically seen as pointing toward the eternal state and the new heavens and new earth.

Bible references

John 1:14: 'And the Word became flesh and dwelt [eskenosen - ἐσκήνωσεν, lit. "tabernacled"] among us...' (John explicitly uses "tabernacle" imagery for the incarnation of Christ).
Zechariah 14:16-18: 'Then everyone who survives of all the nations that have come against Jerusalem shall go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the Feast of Tabernacles.' (A prophecy that this feast will be celebrated by all nations in the Messianic kingdom).
Revelation 21:3: 'And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Behold, the dwelling place [skēnē - σκηνή, tabernacle] of God is with man. He will dwell with them..."' (The ultimate fulfillment of dwelling with God forever).

Cross references

Neh 8:13-18 (Israel joyfully reviving the celebration of Sukkot), Deu 16:13-15 (Instructions for this feast of joy), Jn 7:2, 37-38 (Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles, offering "living water," a key theme of the feast's water-pouring ceremony).

Leviticus chapter 23 analysis

Prophetic Calendar: The feasts are divided into two main groups, separated by a long summer gap, which prophetically outlines God's redemptive plan.
- Spring Feasts: Passover, Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits, Pentecost. These were fulfilled historically and in order by Jesus's first coming: His death, burial, resurrection, and the giving of the Holy Spirit.
- Fall Feasts: Trumpets, Atonement, Tabernacles. These are yet to be fulfilled and are associated with Jesus's second coming: the gathering of believers (Rapture/Resurrection), the national repentance of Israel, and the establishment of His Millennial Kingdom on earth.
Christ at the Center: Each feast points directly to Jesus. He is our Passover Lamb, the Bread of Life (without the leaven of sin), the Firstfruits from the dead, the giver of the Holy Spirit, the one whose return is heralded by a trumpet, our great High Priest who makes atonement, and Immanuel ("God with us"), who will tabernacle with His people.
Sabbath Principle: The structure is saturated with the number seven, signifying divine perfection and completion. The 7th day (Sabbath), the 7 days of Unleavened Bread and Tabernacles, the 7 weeks leading to Pentecost, and the 7th month being the climactic month of festivals. This pattern points to the ultimate "Sabbath rest" that God will bring to His creation.
God Sanctifies Time: While Leviticus earlier deals with holy space (Tabernacle) and holy people (priesthood), chapter 23 sanctifies time. God claims the entire calendar—weeks, months, seasons, and years—as belonging to Him and frames Israel's life within His story.

Leviticus 23 summary

Leviticus 23 details God's seven appointed feasts and the weekly Sabbath, creating a sacred calendar for Israel. These holy convocations were both a commemoration of God's past deliverance (Exodus) and provision (harvest) and a prophetic "rehearsal" of the coming Messiah's work. The feasts map out the entire plan of redemption, from Christ's sacrificial death to His future millennial reign, ordering the life of God's people around His past, present, and future actions.

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Leviticus chapter 23 kjv

¹ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
² Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.
³ Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
⁴ These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.
⁵ In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover.
⁶ And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.
⁷ In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
⁸ But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
⁹ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
¹⁰ Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:
¹¹ And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
¹² And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.
¹³ And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savor: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
¹⁴ And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
¹⁵ And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:
¹⁶ Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD.
¹⁷ Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals; they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
¹⁸ And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savor unto the LORD.
¹⁹ Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
²⁰ And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
²¹ And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
²² And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.
²³ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
²⁴ Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.
²⁵ Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
²⁶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
²⁷ Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
²⁸ And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.
²⁹ For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
³⁰ And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
³¹ Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
³² It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.
³³ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
³⁴ Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
³⁵ On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
³⁶ Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
³⁷ These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
³⁸ Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
³⁹ Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
⁴⁰ And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
⁴¹ And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
⁴² Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
⁴³ That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
⁴⁴ And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.

Leviticus chapter 23 nkjv

¹ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
² "Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: 'The feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, these are My feasts.
³ 'Six days shall work be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work on it; it is the Sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
⁴ 'These are the feasts of the LORD, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at their appointed times.
⁵ On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the LORD's Passover.
⁶ And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; seven days you must eat unleavened bread.
⁷ On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work on it.
⁸ But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD for seven days. The seventh day shall be a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work on it.' "
⁹ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
¹⁰ "Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: 'When you come into the land which I give to you, and reap its harvest, then you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest.
¹¹ He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted on your behalf; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
¹² And you shall offer on that day, when you wave the sheaf, a male lamb of the first year, without blemish, as a burnt offering to the LORD.
¹³ Its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the LORD, for a sweet aroma; and its drink offering shall be of wine, one-fourth of a hin.
¹⁴ You shall eat neither bread nor parched grain nor fresh grain until the same day that you have brought an offering to your God; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
¹⁵ 'And you shall count for yourselves from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering: seven Sabbaths shall be completed.
¹⁶ Count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath; then you shall offer a new grain offering to the LORD.
¹⁷ You shall bring from your dwellings two wave loaves of two-tenths of an ephah. They shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven. They are the firstfruits to the LORD.
¹⁸ And you shall offer with the bread seven lambs of the first year, without blemish, one young bull, and two rams. They shall be as a burnt offering to the LORD, with their grain offering and their drink offerings, an offering made by fire for a sweet aroma to the LORD.
¹⁹ Then you shall sacrifice one kid of the goats as a sin offering, and two male lambs of the first year as a sacrifice of a peace offering.
²⁰ The priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs. They shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
²¹ And you shall proclaim on the same day that it is a holy convocation to you. You shall do no customary work on it. It shall be a statute forever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
²² 'When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field when you reap, nor shall you gather any gleaning from your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the stranger: I am the LORD your God.' "
²³ Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
²⁴ "Speak to the children of Israel, saying: 'In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a sabbath-rest, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation.
²⁵ You shall do no customary work on it; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.' "
²⁶ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
²⁷ "Also the tenth day of this seventh month shall be the Day of Atonement. It shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.
²⁸ And you shall do no work on that same day, for it is the Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
²⁹ For any person who is not afflicted in soul on that same day shall be cut off from his people.
³⁰ And any person who does any work on that same day, that person I will destroy from among his people.
³¹ You shall do no manner of work; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
³² It shall be to you a sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict your souls; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall celebrate your sabbath."
³³ Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
³⁴ "Speak to the children of Israel, saying: 'The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the Feast of Tabernacles for seven days to the LORD.
³⁵ On the first day there shall be a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work on it.
³⁶ For seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a sacred assembly, and you shall do no customary work on it.
³⁷ 'These are the feasts of the LORD which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire to the LORD, a burnt offering and a grain offering, a sacrifice and drink offerings, everything on its day?
³⁸ besides the Sabbaths of the LORD, besides your gifts, besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings which you give to the LORD.
³⁹ 'Also on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruit of the land, you shall keep the feast of the LORD for seven days; on the first day there shall be a sabbath-rest, and on the eighth day a sabbath-rest.
⁴⁰ And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of beautiful trees, branches of palm trees, the boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
⁴¹ You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD for seven days in the year. It shall be a statute forever in your generations. You shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
⁴² You shall dwell in booths for seven days. All who are native Israelites shall dwell in booths,
⁴³ that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.' "
⁴⁴ So Moses declared to the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.

Leviticus chapter 23 niv

¹ The LORD said to Moses,
² "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'These are my appointed festivals, the appointed festivals of the LORD, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies.
³ "?'There are six days when you may work, but the seventh day is a day of sabbath rest, a day of sacred assembly. You are not to do any work; wherever you live, it is a sabbath to the LORD.
⁴ "?'These are the LORD's appointed festivals, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times:
⁵ The LORD's Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month.
⁶ On the fifteenth day of that month the LORD's Festival of Unleavened Bread begins; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast.
⁷ On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.
⁸ For seven days present a food offering to the LORD. And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.'?"
⁹ The LORD said to Moses,
¹⁰ "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring to the priest a sheaf of the first grain you harvest.
¹¹ He is to wave the sheaf before the LORD so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath.
¹² On the day you wave the sheaf, you must sacrifice as a burnt offering to the LORD a lamb a year old without defect,
¹³ together with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with olive oil?a food offering presented to the LORD, a pleasing aroma?and its drink offering of a quarter of a hin of wine.
¹⁴ You must not eat any bread, or roasted or new grain, until the very day you bring this offering to your God. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.
¹⁵ "?'From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks.
¹⁶ Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD.
¹⁷ From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of firstfruits to the LORD.
¹⁸ Present with this bread seven male lambs, each a year old and without defect, one young bull and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the LORD, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings?a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
¹⁹ Then sacrifice one male goat for a sin offering and two lambs, each a year old, for a fellowship offering.
²⁰ The priest is to wave the two lambs before the LORD as a wave offering, together with the bread of the firstfruits. They are a sacred offering to the LORD for the priest.
²¹ On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly and do no regular work. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.
²² "?'When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and for the foreigner residing among you. I am the LORD your God.'?"
²³ The LORD said to Moses,
²⁴ "Say to the Israelites: 'On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of sabbath rest, a sacred assembly commemorated with trumpet blasts.
²⁵ Do no regular work, but present a food offering to the LORD.'?"
²⁶ The LORD said to Moses,
²⁷ "The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present a food offering to the LORD.
²⁸ Do not do any work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God.
²⁹ Those who do not deny themselves on that day must be cut off from their people.
³⁰ I will destroy from among their people anyone who does any work on that day.
³¹ You shall do no work at all. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.
³² It is a day of sabbath rest for you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath."
³³ The LORD said to Moses,
³⁴ "Say to the Israelites: 'On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the LORD's Festival of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days.
³⁵ The first day is a sacred assembly; do no regular work.
³⁶ For seven days present food offerings to the LORD, and on the eighth day hold a sacred assembly and present a food offering to the LORD. It is the closing special assembly; do no regular work.
³⁷ ("?'These are the LORD's appointed festivals, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies for bringing food offerings to the LORD?the burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings required for each day.
³⁸ These offerings are in addition to those for the LORD's Sabbaths and in addition to your gifts and whatever you have vowed and all the freewill offerings you give to the LORD.)
³⁹ "?'So beginning with the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the crops of the land, celebrate the festival to the LORD for seven days; the first day is a day of sabbath rest, and the eighth day also is a day of sabbath rest.
⁴⁰ On the first day you are to take branches from luxuriant trees?from palms, willows and other leafy trees?and rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
⁴¹ Celebrate this as a festival to the LORD for seven days each year. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come; celebrate it in the seventh month.
⁴² Live in temporary shelters for seven days: All native-born Israelites are to live in such shelters
⁴³ so your descendants will know that I had the Israelites live in temporary shelters when I brought them out of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.'?"
⁴⁴ So Moses announced to the Israelites the appointed festivals of the LORD.

Leviticus chapter 23 esv

¹ The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
² "Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, These are the appointed feasts of the LORD that you shall proclaim as holy convocations; they are my appointed feasts.
³ "Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwelling places.
⁴ "These are the appointed feasts of the LORD, the holy convocations, which you shall proclaim at the time appointed for them.
⁵ In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight, is the LORD's Passover.
⁶ And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
⁷ On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
⁸ But you shall present a food offering to the LORD for seven days. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work."
⁹ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
¹⁰ "Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, When you come into the land that I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest,
¹¹ and he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, so that you may be accepted. On the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
¹² And on the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb a year old without blemish as a burnt offering to the LORD.
¹³ And the grain offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, a food offering to the LORD with a pleasing aroma, and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, a fourth of a hin.
¹⁴ And you shall eat neither bread nor grain parched or fresh until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God: it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
¹⁵ "You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering.
¹⁶ You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath. Then you shall present a grain offering of new grain to the LORD.
¹⁷ You shall bring from your dwelling places two loaves of bread to be waved, made of two tenths of an ephah. They shall be of fine flour, and they shall be baked with leaven, as firstfruits to the LORD.
¹⁸ And you shall present with the bread seven lambs a year old without blemish, and one bull from the herd and two rams. They shall be a burnt offering to the LORD, with their grain offering and their drink offerings, a food offering with a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
¹⁹ And you shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old as a sacrifice of peace offerings.
²⁰ And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs. They shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
²¹ And you shall make a proclamation on the same day. You shall hold a holy convocation. You shall not do any ordinary work. It is a statute forever in all your dwelling places throughout your generations.
²² "And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, nor shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the LORD your God."
²³ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
²⁴ "Speak to the people of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation.
²⁵ You shall not do any ordinary work, and you shall present a food offering to the LORD."
²⁶ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
²⁷ "Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and present a food offering to the LORD.
²⁸ And you shall not do any work on that very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
²⁹ For whoever is not afflicted on that very day shall be cut off from his people.
³⁰ And whoever does any work on that very day, that person I will destroy from among his people.
³¹ You shall not do any work. It is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.
³² It shall be to you a Sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict yourselves. On the ninth day of the month beginning at evening, from evening to evening shall you keep your Sabbath."
³³ And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
³⁴ "Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the LORD.
³⁵ On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
³⁶ For seven days you shall present food offerings to the LORD. On the eighth day you shall hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any ordinary work.
³⁷ "These are the appointed feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the LORD food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day,
³⁸ besides the LORD's Sabbaths and besides your gifts and besides all your vow offerings and besides all your freewill offerings, which you give to the LORD.
³⁹ "On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the LORD seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.
⁴⁰ And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
⁴¹ You shall celebrate it as a feast to the LORD for seven days in the year. It is a statute forever throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
⁴² You shall dwell in booths for seven days. All native Israelites shall dwell in booths,
⁴³ that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God."
⁴⁴ Thus Moses declared to the people of Israel the appointed feasts of the LORD.

Leviticus chapter 23 nlt

¹ The LORD said to Moses,
² "Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. These are the LORD's appointed festivals, which you are to proclaim as official days for holy assembly.
³ "You have six days each week for your ordinary work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath day of complete rest, an official day for holy assembly. It is the LORD's Sabbath day, and it must be observed wherever you live.
⁴ "In addition to the Sabbath, these are the LORD's appointed festivals, the official days for holy assembly that are to be celebrated at their proper times each year.
⁵ "The LORD's Passover begins at sundown on the fourteenth day of the first month.
⁶ On the next day, the fifteenth day of the month, you must begin celebrating the Festival of Unleavened Bread. This festival to the LORD continues for seven days, and during that time the bread you eat must be made without yeast.
⁷ On the first day of the festival, all the people must stop their ordinary work and observe an official day for holy assembly.
⁸ For seven days you must present special gifts to the LORD. On the seventh day the people must again stop all their ordinary work to observe an official day for holy assembly."
⁹ Then the LORD said to Moses,
¹⁰ "Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. When you enter the land I am giving you and you harvest its first crops, bring the priest a bundle of grain from the first cutting of your grain harvest.
¹¹ On the day after the Sabbath, the priest will lift it up before the LORD so it may be accepted on your behalf.
¹² On that same day you must sacrifice a one-year-old male lamb with no defects as a burnt offering to the LORD.
¹³ With it you must present a grain offering consisting of four quarts of choice flour moistened with olive oil. It will be a special gift, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. You must also offer one quart of wine as a liquid offering.
¹⁴ Do not eat any bread or roasted grain or fresh kernels on that day until you bring this offering to your God. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live.
¹⁵ "From the day after the Sabbath ? the day you bring the bundle of grain to be lifted up as a special offering ? count off seven full weeks.
¹⁶ Keep counting until the day after the seventh Sabbath, fifty days later. Then present an offering of new grain to the LORD.
¹⁷ From wherever you live, bring two loaves of bread to be lifted up before the LORD as a special offering. Make these loaves from four quarts of choice flour, and bake them with yeast. They will be an offering to the LORD from the first of your crops.
¹⁸ Along with the bread, present seven one-year-old male lambs with no defects, one young bull, and two rams as burnt offerings to the LORD. These burnt offerings, together with the grain offerings and liquid offerings, will be a special gift, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
¹⁹ Then you must offer one male goat as a sin offering and two one-year-old male lambs as a peace offering.
²⁰ "The priest will lift up the two lambs as a special offering to the LORD, together with the loaves representing the first of your crops. These offerings, which are holy to the LORD, belong to the priests.
²¹ That same day will be proclaimed an official day for holy assembly, a day on which you do no ordinary work. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live.
²² "When you harvest the crops of your land, do not harvest the grain along the edges of your fields, and do not pick up what the harvesters drop. Leave it for the poor and the foreigners living among you. I am the LORD your God."
²³ The LORD said to Moses,
²⁴ "Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. On the first day of the appointed month in early autumn, you are to observe a day of complete rest. It will be an official day for holy assembly, a day commemorated with loud blasts of a trumpet.
²⁵ You must do no ordinary work on that day. Instead, you are to present special gifts to the LORD."
²⁶ Then the LORD said to Moses,
²⁷ "Be careful to celebrate the Day of Atonement on the tenth day of that same month ? nine days after the Festival of Trumpets. You must observe it as an official day for holy assembly, a day to deny yourselves and present special gifts to the LORD.
²⁸ Do no work during that entire day because it is the Day of Atonement, when offerings of purification are made for you, making you right with the LORD your God.
²⁹ All who do not deny themselves that day will be cut off from God's people.
³⁰ And I will destroy anyone among you who does any work on that day.
³¹ You must not do any work at all! This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live.
³² This will be a Sabbath day of complete rest for you, and on that day you must deny yourselves. This day of rest will begin at sundown on the ninth day of the month and extend until sundown on the tenth day."
³³ And the LORD said to Moses,
³⁴ "Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. Begin celebrating the Festival of Shelters on the fifteenth day of the appointed month ? five days after the Day of Atonement. This festival to the LORD will last for seven days.
³⁵ On the first day of the festival you must proclaim an official day for holy assembly, when you do no ordinary work.
³⁶ For seven days you must present special gifts to the LORD. The eighth day is another holy day on which you present your special gifts to the LORD. This will be a solemn occasion, and no ordinary work may be done that day.
³⁷ ("These are the LORD's appointed festivals. Celebrate them each year as official days for holy assembly by presenting special gifts to the LORD ? burnt offerings, grain offerings, sacrifices, and liquid offerings ? each on its proper day.
³⁸ These festivals must be observed in addition to the LORD's regular Sabbath days, and the offerings are in addition to your personal gifts, the offerings you give to fulfill your vows, and the voluntary offerings you present to the LORD.)
³⁹ "Remember that this seven-day festival to the LORD ? the Festival of Shelters ? begins on the fifteenth day of the appointed month, after you have harvested all the produce of the land. The first day and the eighth day of the festival will be days of complete rest.
⁴⁰ On the first day gather branches from magnificent trees ? palm fronds, boughs from leafy trees, and willows that grow by the streams. Then celebrate with joy before the LORD your God for seven days.
⁴¹ You must observe this festival to the LORD for seven days every year. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed in the appointed month from generation to generation.
⁴² For seven days you must live outside in little shelters. All native-born Israelites must live in shelters.
⁴³ This will remind each new generation of Israelites that I made their ancestors live in shelters when I rescued them from the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God."
⁴⁴ So Moses gave the Israelites these instructions regarding the annual festivals of the LORD.